Impact of mediastinal, liver and lung 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (123I-MIBG) washout on calculated 123I-MIBG myocardial washout

PURPOSE: In planar (123)I-metaiodobenzylguanidine ((123)I-MIBG) myocardial imaging mediastinum (M) activity is often used as a background correction in calculating "washout" (WO). However, the most likely sources for counts that might produce errors in estimating myocardial (Myo) activity are lung (Lu) and liver (Li), which typically have higher counts/pixel (cpp) than M. The present study investigated the relationship between changes in Lu, Li and Myo activity between early and late planar (123)I-MIBG images, with comparison to M as the best estimator of non-specific background activity. METHODS: Studies on 98 subjects with both early (e) and late (l) planar (123)I-MIBG images were analysed. There were 68 subjects with chronic heart failure (CHF), 14 with hypertension (HTN) but no known heart disease and 16 controls (C). For each image, regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn: an irregular whole Myo, Lu, upper M and Li. For each ROI, WO was calculated as [(cpp(e)-cpp(l:decay corrected))/cpp(e)]x100%. RESULTS: Multivariable forward stepwise regression analysis showed that overall a significant proportion of the variation in Myo WO could be explained by a model containing M WO and Lu WO (37%, p < 0.001). Only in controls was M WO the sole variable explaining a significant proportion of the variation in Myo WO (27%, p = 0.023). CONCLUSION: Although increased Myo WO in CHF subjects reflects disease severity, part of the count differences measured on planar (123)I-MIBG myocardial images likely reflects changes in the adjacent and surrounding Lu tissue. The results for the controls suggest that this is the only group where a mediastinum correction alone may be appropriate for cardiac WO calculation

Image cytometry analysis of Feulgen-stained nuclei in 72 lipomatous lesions including atypical lipomas and well-differentiated liposarcomas.

Well-differentiated lipomatous tumors constitute a histopathologic category whose nomenclature has been controversial, particularly with respect to the distinction between atypical lipomas of the extremities and well-differentiated liposarcomas of the retroperitoneum. To determine whether there were differences in image analytic parameters between these neoplasms, 72 lesions including 21 typical lipomas, 7 atypical lipomas, 16 retroperitoneal and 5 nonretroperitoneal well-differentiated, 9 dedifferentiated, and 14 pleomorphic liposarcomas were submitted to the computer-assisted microscopic analysis of Feulgen-stained nuclei. This methodology enabled four groups of variables to be calculated. These included: (1) quantitative chromatin pattern description (14 variables); (2) the measurement of proliferative activity (1 variable); (3) nuclear DNA content (DNA ploidy level, 5 variables); and (4) the measurement of cell density and topographical cell nuclei organization (2 variables). The results strongly suggest that atypical lipomas, whether superficial or deep, and well-differentiated liposarcomas, whether retroperitoneal or not, belong to the same category in terms of the variables analyzed.Journal ArticleResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Estudo clínico do retalho lateral do braço ampliado A clinical study of the extended lateral arm flap

OBJETIVO: Avaliar prospectivamente os resultados obtidos no tratamento de pacientes portadores de lesões do revestimento cutâneo de dimensões menores ou iguais a 20cm de comprimento por 10cm de largura com a utilização do retalho microcirúrgico lateral do braço ampliado distalmente ao epicôndilo lateral do cotovelo. MÉTODOS: Foram operados 23 pacientes, 69,5% do sexo masculino, 73,9% de origem traumática e a região receptora foi o membro inferior em 65.2% dos casos. A idade variou de 6 a 62 anos, com média de 32 anos. O seguimento mínimo foi de 5 meses. RESULTADOS: Obtivemos sucesso na realização em 100% dos casos. As dimensões dos retalhos variaram de 9 a 20cm em comprimento, com média de 14cm e em largura, de 3 a 8 cm, com média de 5.5cm. A maior distância entre o epicôndilo lateral e a extremidade distal do retalho foi de 8 cm, variando de 2 cm até 8 cm, com média de 4.9cm. CONCLUSÃO: O retalho microcirúrgico lateral do braço ampliado distalmente ao epicôndilo lateral do cotovelo mostrou-se seguro para a cobertura cutânea de lesões de dimensões iguais ou menores a 20cm de comprimento por 10 cm de largura, com o prolongamento do retalho até 8cm distal ao epicôndilo lateral.<br>OBJECTIVE: To prospectively evaluate the results obtained in the treatment of patients with cutaneous lesions smaller or equal to 20cm long by 10cm wide with the use of lateral arm flap extended distally to the lateral epicondyle of the elbow. METHODS: 23 patients underwent surgery, 69.5% of them male, 73.9% of traumatic origin, and the receiving region was the lower limb in 65.2% of cases. The age ranged from 6 to 62 years, with an average of 32 years. Minimum follow-up care was 5 months. RESULTS: We succeeded in 100% of cases. The size of flaps ranged from 9 to 20 cm in length, with an average of 14cm, and width, from 3 to 8cm, with an average of 5.5cm. The greatest distance between the lateral epicondyle and the distal flap was 8cm, ranging from 2cm to 8cm, with an average of 4.9cm. CONCLUSION: The lateral arm flap, extended distally to the lateral epicondyle of the elbow, was safe to cover cutaneous lesions of size equal to or smaller than 20cm long by 10cm wide, with the extension of the flap up to 8cm distal to the lateral epicondyle

Transfer Across the Air-Sea Interface

The efficiency of transfer of gases and particles across the air-sea interface is controlled by several physical, biological and chemical processes in the atmosphere and water which are described here (including waves, large- and small-scale turbulence, bubbles, sea spray, rain and surface films). For a deeper understanding of relevant transport mechanisms, several models have been developed, ranging from conceptual models to numerical models. Most frequently the transfer is described by various functional dependencies of the wind speed, but more detailed descriptions need additional information. The study of gas transfer mechanisms uses a variety of experimental methods ranging from laboratory studies to carbon budgets, mass balance methods, micrometeorological techniques and thermographic techniques. Different methods resolve the transfer at different scales of time and space; this is important to take into account when comparing different results. Air-sea transfer is relevant in a wide range of applications, for example, local and regional fluxes, global models, remote sensing and computations of global inventories. The sensitivity of global models to the description of transfer velocity is limited; it is however likely that the formulations are more important when the resolution increases and other processes in models are improved. For global flux estimates using inventories or remote sensing products the accuracy of the transfer formulation as well as the accuracy of the wind field is crucial