CULTIVO DE PLEUROTUS OSTREATOROSEUS (BASIDIOMYCOTA - FUNGI) EM RESÍDUO DE TABACO

O objetivo deste experimento foi verificar a capacidade de crescimento micelial das cepas das espécies de P. ostreatoroseus em meio de cultura convencional BDA (batata-dextrose-ágar) e AET (ágar-extrato de fumo) na ausência de luz, a fim de verificar a rentabilidade no preparo do meio de cultivo alternativo utilizando resíduos de tabaco. O experimento foi desenvolvido nos laboratórios da UNIPAMPA. Para o preparo do meio convencional pesou-se 39g de BDA para 1L de água destilada, para o meio AET ferveu-se por 30 min 1 kg de resíduo de tabaco para 10L de água e do produto da fervura utilizou-se 1L para 39g de BDA, os dois meios tiveram o pH ajustados para 6 e 6,5. Em seguida, foram autoclavados por 20 min a 121 ºC. Com os resultados citados acima se pode considerar o resíduo de tabaco como um meio de cultivo para cogumelos comestíveis

A relationship between fungi (Basidiomycota, Agaricomycetes, Agaricales) and nutrient content in riparian area of reforestation with Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden (Myrtaceae) in southern Brazil

ABSTRACT Due the tolerance in soil degraded, Eucalyptus is widely used in reforestation area. This study aims to evaluate the fungi that use Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden as substrate in reforestation area in southern Brazil. Fungi were identified and macronutrient and micronutrient contents were evaluated in order to understand the relationship between the fungi and the substrate. There were 200 specimens found, categorized into 25 species belonging to 10 families of Agaricales (Basidiomycota, Fungi). Substrates used by fungi were branches, roots, stems, humus, and soil. Macronutrients mean level found in fungi followed the order Ca>K>P>Mg, and micronutrients S>Fe>Mn>Cu/B>Zn. C:N ratio mean was 13:1, associated with substrate degradation potential, since the enzymatic production of fungi is affected by disposition of these nutrients. The data obtained in this study allowed a better understanding of fungi associated with the exotic arboreal substrate, and their nutritional significance in reforestation area

Bryophilous Agaricomycetes (Fungi, Basidiomycota): A Review to Brazil

Bryophilous fungi have at least one stage of its life cycle linked to Bryophytes. There are few studies in relation to their taxonomy and ecology all around the world, including Brazil. The Agaricomycetes (Basidiomycota) have gained prominence worldwide and contained several species of economic interest. Based on a bibliographic review and discussion about identification methods and experimental models on this association a species list of bryophilous/Agaricomycetes found in Brazil was elaborated. In the works found among the techniques used to identify effective fungi/Bryophytes associations it can be cited: phylogenetics analysis, optical and electron microscopy, and cultivation experiments. In Brazil, four orders of Agaricomycetes (Basidiomycota), belonging to Agaricales, Boletales, Hymenochaetales, and Polyporales, with 33 species were found associated to Bryophytes in the literature. Information of the worldwide distribution of Brazilian muscicolous species and application of these groups were realized associating edibility, toxicity, and others. It was noted that in this country there is a scarcity of scientific knowledge of this subject, that needs to be better understood in terms of ecology and taxonomy

Occurrence of filamentous fungi in yerba mate discarded in the environment

Yerba mate, Ilex paraguariensis A. St. Hil. (Aquifoliaceae), waste is one of the most common byproducts generated in households in southern Brazil due to the traditional consumption of mate. However, the decomposition of this waste by fungi has not been thoroughly evaluated. In order to study the fungal succession in mate residue, 450 samples were evaluated during the autumn, winter, and spring, and kept for two months in a humid chamber (aerobic medium) for the growth of associated filamentous fungi. We morphologically identified the fungi by means of a microscopy device and taking into consideration only the surface-developed mycelia. Twenty-two genera of filamentous fungi were found, of which the Zygomycota (Rhizopus spp. and Mucor spp.) microflora deserve special attention since they were the only fungi growing in the first 19 days. After this period, the fungi Deuteromycota (mainly Aspergillus spp.) and Oomycota (Pythium spp.) develop more vigorously, supplanting the previous ones. The species of Curvularia, Fusarium, Verticillium, and Pythium are phytopathogens and end up having their inoculum source increased with the irregular disposal of this residue in nature. The presence of numerous fungal genera, which are known to be pathogenic according to the literature, highlights the importance of implementing proper waste disposal practices in the environment. Improper disposal of the yerba mate waste can result in contamination not only of yerba mate itself but also of other commercial crops. Therefore, it is imperative that greater attention be paid to the disposal of this waste