Analyse des potentialités des associations M.O.S thyristors : conception et réalisation d'un Thyristor M.O.S haute tension

We present here the results obtained in the design and fabrication of high voltage M.O.S thyristor device. In this context, we intend to study the potentialities of this kind of device and to develop a high voltage planar technological process to realize the device based on the concept of functionnal integration of M.O.S and thyristor elements. To optimize this integrated device, an analytical model and 2D electrical simulator PISCES are used. The optimization of the technological process is obtained by using the 1D and 2D technological simulator SUPREM IV. These devices are fabricated and tested. These structures present interesting electrical characteristics such as high d$V$/d$t$ capability which is about 10.000 V/$\mu$s . We discuss these potentialities and compare them to the classical thyristor structure.Nous présentons dans cet article la conception et la réalisation d'un thyristor commandé à la fermeture par une grille M.O.S afin d'étudier et d'analyser les potentialités apportées par ce type de dispositifs et de développer une filière technologique planar haute tension adaptée à l'étude de structures basées sur le concept d'intégration fonctionnelle de dispositifs M.O.S et thyristor. L'étude et l'optimisation de cette structure sont effectuées à partir d'un modèle analytique et à l'aide de simulations électriques bidimensionnelles effectuées à l'aide du logiciel PISCES. Le processus technologique de fabrication est optimisé par des simulations unidimensionnelles et bidimensionnelles effectuées à l'aide du logiciel SUPREM IV. Les caractérisations des structures tests fabriquées au laboratoire ont montré des performances statiques et dynamiques intéressantes notamment en ce qui concerne la tenue en d$V$/d$t$ qui est de l'ordre de 10.000V/$\mu$s. Ces performances permettent d'évaluer les potentialités de ce type d'associations M.O.S Thyristors par rapport aux structures thyristors classiques

Moroccans in Portugal: the role of networks with the home country in migration and integration processes

Moroccans are a recent and small migrant group in Portugal, yet they are significantly represented in the agricultural sector. Over 30% are concentrated in Algarve, the most southern region of the country with a more recent presence in Lisbon. Given their recent presence in Portugal, little is known about their process of integration or their migration experiences. This chapter has two main objectives. First, we provide a reading of the characteristics of Moroccan migrants in the Algarve and their integration. Second, we explore the role that network ties have in perpetuating migration to Portugal. In particular, we examine the role of current migrants in providing feedback and assistance to new/potential migrants considering migrating to Portugal. According to migration theory, migration increases over time as networks and social structures are established to sustain it (Massey et al. 1998). Such ties link migrants and non-migrants between origin and destination countries and may be helpful for organizing the process of migration and integration. To examine these processes, we draw on a survey conducted with 207 Moroccan migrants in the Algarve and 51 semi-structured interviews with Moroccan migrants and key informants conducted in the Algarve and Lisbon regions in the scope of the THEMIS (2011) and MEDCHANGe projects (2014/2015). Our findings identify important factors that have structured Moroccan migration including collective hiring schemes in agriculture and social networks. However, the effects of the economic and financial crisis seem to be resulting in stabilization or even decline of the migratory flow.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Bridging social divides: leadership and the making of an alliance for women’s land-use rights in Morocco

This article analyses a women’s movement that emerged in the context of increased land commodification in Morocco. It focuses on the dynamics that characterised the making of this coalition of actors across the social divide. It mainly analyses the division of tasks among the different partners, highlighting the role played by intermediate organisations and actors in connecting and merging together local, national and international norms, practices and actors. The empowerment of this intermediate layer of leaders indicates a gradual inversion of the power hierarchy and illustrates the fluidity of domination relationships within social movements