SPARK : an educator\u27s look at connection in 21st century American schools

Connection, creativity in the classroom and miracles are possible, even in today\u27s standardized climate. The author gives examples that prove damaged systems can be overcome and difficult situations surmounted. Her hope is that this integrative master\u27s project will show a true exploration of what it means to have an inner voice, to find and free it, and eventually express it

Diarrhées néonatales du chamelon dans les provinces sahariennes du Sud du Maroc : étude bactériologique

Une étude bactériologique sur les causes de diarrhées néonatales du chameIon (Camelus dromedarius) a été conduite sur 16 troupeaux originaires de différentes régions des provinces sahariennes du Sud du Maroc, au cours des années 1996, 1997 et 1999. Un total de 44 échantillons de matières fécales a été récolté à partir de chamelons diarrhéiques âgés d'une à dix semaines. Les spécimens de fèces ont été analysés pour la recherche de Salmonella sp. et d'Escherichia coli K99+. Six isolats originaires de cinq troupeaux différents ont été caractérisés comme étant Salmonella sp. La détermination du sérotype des salmonelles isolées ainsi que leur sensibilité à différents antibactériens ont été réalisées. L'étude a permis également l'isolement d'E. coli K991 provenant de cinq chamelons originaires de quatre troupeaux différents. La présence simultanée de Salmonella sp. et d'E. coli K99+ n'a pas été relevée. (Résumé d'auteur

Adjoint approach to the physical characterization of a shallow-water environment

In underwater acoustics a variety of different applications of adjoint models has been proposed in recent years. Adjoints have been derived for normal modes and for both the standard parabolic equation and Claerbout’s wide-angle approximation. This paper reviews the analytic nonlocal boundary control approach proposed in an earlier paper by the authors [Meyer & Hermand, ‘‘Optimal nonlocal boundary control of the wide-angle parabolic equation for inversion of a waveguide acoustic field,’’ J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 117, 2937–2948 (2005)] and presents a numerical extension that allows direct inversion of the geoacoustic parameters that are embedded in a discrete representation of the nonlocal boundary condition at the water-sediment interface. The effectiveness of this numerical adjoint approach for the physical characterization of a shallow-water environment is illustrated with applications for geoacoustic inversion and ocean acoustic tomography. In particular, it is shown how a joint inversion across multiple frequencies can enhance the performance of the optimization process, especially for the case of a sparse receiver array spanning part of the water column. In an additional example we combine the two applications and discuss the feasibility of geoacoustic inversion in the presence of an uncertain sound-speed profile

A numerical adjoint parabolic equation (PE) method for tomography and geoacoustic inversion in shallow water

Recently, an analytic adjoint-based method of optimal nonlocal boundary control has been proposed for inversion of a waveguide acoustic field using the wide-angle parabolic equation [Meyer and Hermand, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 117, 2937–2948 (2005)]. In this paper a numerical extension of this approach is presented that allows the direct inversion for the geoacoustic parameters which are embedded in a spectral integral representation of the nonlocal boundary condition. The adjoint model is generated numerically and the inversion is carried out jointly across multiple frequencies. The paper further discusses the application of the numerical adjoint PE method for ocean acoustic tomography. To show the effectiveness of the implemented numerical adjoint, preliminary inversion results of water sound-speed profile and bottom acoustic properties will be shown for the YELLOW SHARK ’94 experimental conditions

Validation of adjoint-generated environmental gradients for the acoustic monitoring of a shallow water area

In the framework of the recent Maritime Rapid Environmental Assessment sea trial MREA07/BP'07 [Le Gac&Hermand, 2007] that was conducted in the same area south of the island of Elba as the earlier Yellow Shark trial (YS94), this paper examines the original YS94 acoustic data and the recent MREA07 oceanographic data to demonstrate adjoint-based acoustic monitoring of environmental parameters in Mediterranean shallow waters. First, adjoint-generated environmental gradients are validated for the application in geoacoustic inversion where the bottom acoustic parameters of the YS94 layered seabed are determined from the long-range waterborne propagation of a multi-frequency signal. Then, for the application in ocean acoustic tomography, the temporal variability of the MREA07/BP'07 oceanographic data is analyzed in terms of empirical orthogonal functions and the adjoint-based inversion scheme is used to track the time-varying sound speed profile of the experimental transect

Etude de la mortalité des chamelons au Sud du Maroc : enquête rétrospective

Une enquête rétrospective a été réalisée entre janvier et août 1999 dans les provinces d'Oued Eddahab, Laâyoune, Guelmim, Tata, Essaouira, Zagora, Ouarzazate, Errachidia et Figuig. Elle a concerné 252 troupeaux camelins, soit 15 p. 100 des effectifs recensés dans ces régions. La mortalité périnatale du chamelon reste une contrainte majeure au développement de l'élevage camelin avec en moyenne 20,2 p. 100 de la mortalité (16,4 p. 100 en 1996 et 22,9 p. 100 en 1997). L'âge de la mort se situait entre 0 et 6 mois dans plus de 80 p. 100 des cas. Les premières causes de mortalité citées par les éleveurs étaient la diarrhée (72 p. 100), puis, très loin derrière, l'insuffisance alimentaire (9 p. 100), la mortinatalité (6 p. 100) et les abcès (5 p. 100), avec de fortes variations selon les provinces. La typologie des élevages a permis de distinguer quatre classes selon le profil sanitaire et cinq classes selon les pratiques d'élevage. Il existait de fortes corrélations entre la mortalité des chamelons et certaines pathologies des dromadaires adultes, notamment le syndrome respiratoire, la variole, la gale-teigne et d'autres pathologies. La forte homogénéité des modes de conduite n'a pas permis de mettre en évidence des corrélations entre la mortalité et les pratiques d'élevage qui jouaient probablement un rôle important. (Résumé d'auteur

Two-point phase correlations of a one-dimensional bosonic Josephson junction

We realize a one-dimensional Josephson junction using quantum degenerate Bose gases in a tunable double well potential on an atom chip. Matter wave interferometry gives direct access to the relative phase field, which reflects the interplay of thermally driven fluctuations and phase locking due to tunneling. The thermal equilibrium state is characterized by probing the full statistical distribution function of the two-point phase correlation. Comparison to a stochastic model allows to measure the coupling strength and temperature and hence a full characterization of the system

Atomistic to Circuit Level Modeling of Defective Doped SWCNTs with Contacts for On-Chip Interconnect Application

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) due to their high electrical/thermal conductivity, high ampacity, high tolerance to electro-migration [1] and small dimensions make them an ideal candidate for future on-chip interconnects [2]. Fabricating the CNTs, random chirality and some defects are introduced which can degrade the CNT electrical properties [3]. Additionally, the contact resistance between metal and CNT presents additional parasitics that impose restraints on the electron transport. Electrical models of CNT for interconnect application were developed several years ago [4-5]. In this paper, we explored on doped and defective single-wall CNTs (SWCNT (24,0)) including contact resistance as important physical parameters to assess the performance of fabricated SWCNTs realistically for back-end-of-line (BEOL) on-chip interconnects on VLSI circuit application