A program for optical observations of advanced LIGO early triggers in the southern hemisphere

In this poster we present a plan to follow-up optically early triggers from the Advanced LIGO gravitational wave detectors, which will start operating in scientific mode in the northern summer of 2015

Molecular subtypes of breast cancer: prognostic implications and clinical and immunohistochemical characteristics

Fundamento. Los carcinomas de mama representan un grupo heterogéneo de tumores, tanto en su comportamiento clínico como pronóstico. El objetivo del presente trabajo es clasificar los carcinomas de mama en subtipos moleculares mediante marcadores inmunohistoquímicos y analizar las características clinicopatológicas e inmunohistoquímicas y los patrones de supervivencia y recaída de los distintos subtipos. Material y métodos. Se han clasificado 272 pacientes con diagnóstico de carcinoma de mama en cinco subtipos: carcinomas de mama de tipo basal, de tipo HER2, de tipo luminal A, de tipo luminal B y normal. Resultados. Los carcinomas de mama más frecuentes fueron los de tipo luminal A (62,5%), carcinomas de tipo luminal B (18%), carcinomas de tipo HER2 (9,9%), carcinomas de tipo basal (8,4%) y los de fenotipo normal (1,4%). Los carcinomas de mama de tipo luminal mostraron ser, con mayor frecuencia, de forma significativa, tumores bien diferenciados, de pequeño tamaño tumoral, con ganglios axilares negativos, estadio precoz en el momento del diagnóstico, niveles altos de BCL-2 y bajo índice de proliferación con Ki-67. En cambio, los carcinomas de mama de tipo basal y HER2 presentaban tumores de mayor tamaño, pobremente diferenciados, mayor compromiso ganglionar y estadios más avanzados en el momento del diagnóstico. Expresaban con mayor frecuencia índices de proliferación altos con Ki 67 y fueron los subtipos que en curvas de supervivencia global y de supervivencia libre de progresión mostraron un peor pronóstico. Conclusión. La clasificación del cáncer de mama basada en parámetros inmunohistoquímicos (IHQ) permite una mejor definición pronóstica. Tanto los carcinomas de mama de tipo basal como HER2 presentan características histopatológicas e IHQ más desfavorables así como peor supervivencia y menor tiempo de recaída mientras que los carcinomas de mama de tipo luminal manifiestan características más benignas y mejor pronóstico.Background. Breast carcinomas are a heterogeneous group of tumours, in both their clinical behavior and their prognosis. The aim of this article is to classify breast carcinomas according to molecular subtypes by means of immunohistochemical markers and to analyse the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics and the patterns of survival and relapse of the different subtypes. Methods. Two hundred and seventy-two patients diagnosed with breast cancer were classified into five subtypes: breast carcinomas of the basal type, HER2 type, luminal A type, luminal B type and normal. Results. The most frequent breast carcinomas were: luminal A type carcinomas (62.5%), luminal B type carcinomas (18%), HER2 type carcinomas (9.9%), basal type carcinomas (8.4%) and normal phenotype carcinomas (1.4%). Significantly and with greater frequency, the luminal type breast carcinomas proved to be well differentiated tumours, of small tumoral size, with negative axillary lymph nodes, at an early stage at the time of diagnosis, with high levels of BCL- 2 and a low Ki-67 proliferation index. On the contrary, the basal type and HER2 carcinomas presented larger tumours, poorly differentiated, greater ganglionar involvement and more advanced stages at the time of diagnosis. They expressed high Ki-67 proliferation indexes with greater frequency and were the subtypes that showed a worse prognosis on global survival and progression-free survival curves. Conclusion. Breast cancer classification based on immunohistochemical (IHC) parameters makes a better prognostic definition possible. Both the basal type and the HER2 type breast carcinomas present more unfavourable histopathological and IHC characteristics, as well as a worse survival and less relapse time, while the luminal type breast carcinomas show more benign characteristics and a better prognosis

Perturbations of Gauss-Bonnet Black Strings in Codimension-2 Braneworlds

We derive the Lichnerowicz equation in the presence of the Gauss-Bonnet term. Using the modified Lichnerowicz equation we study the metric perturbations of Gauss-Bonnet black strings in Codimension-2 Braneworlds.Comment: 26 pages, no figures, clarifying comments and one reference added, to be published in JHE

Multiple mutations in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor Ccα6 gene associated with resistance to spinosad in medfly

Spinosad is an insecticide widely used for the control of insect pest species, including Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata. Its target site is the α6 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and different mutations in this subunit confer resistance to spinosad in diverse insect species. The insect α6 gene contains 12 exons, with mutually exclusive versions of exons 3 (3a, 3b) and 8 (8a, 8b, 8c). We report here the selection of a medfly strain highly resistant to spinosad, JW-100 s, and we identify three recessive Ccα6 mutant alleles in the JW-100 s population: (i) Ccα63aQ68* containing a point mutation that generates a premature stop codon on exon 3a (3aQ68*); (ii) Ccα63aAG>AT containing a point mutation in the 5' splicing site of exon 3a (3aAG > AT); and (iii) Ccα63aQ68*-K352* that contains the mutation 3aQ68* and another point mutation on exon 10 (K352*). Though our analysis of the susceptibility to spinosad in field populations indicates that resistance has not yet evolved, a better understanding of the mechanism of action of spinosad is essential to implement sustainable management practices to avoid the development of resistance in field populations