Оценка риска и расчет времени эвакуации и блокировки эвакуационных выходов МБОУ СОШ № 2 г. Юрги

Цель работы – оценка индивидуального пожарного риска в здании средней общеобразовательной школе №2 города Юрги на соответствие нормативным значениям. В работе проведен литературный обзор по вопросам состояния проблем обеспечения пожарной безопасности в образовательных учреждениях и оценки рисков. Рассчитаны время эвакуации, время блокирования эвакуационных выходов опасными факторами пожара и индивидуальный пожарный риск. Разработана декларация пожарной безопасности.The aim of the work is to assess the individual fire risk in the building of the secondary school №2 of the city of Yurga for compliance with normative values. A literature review on the state of problems of providing fire safety in educational institutions and risk assessment was conducted. Time of evacuation, time of blocking of evacuation exits by dangerous factors of a fire and individual fire risk are calculated. A declaration of fire safety was developed

Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, and Antimicrobial Activities of <i>Glycyrrhiza glabra</i> L., <i>Paeonia lactiflora</i> Pall., and <i>Eriobotrya japonica</i> (Thunb.) Lindl. Extracts

Background: The phytochemical composition, antioxidant, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities of a methanol extract from Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (Ge), a 50% ethanol (in water) extract from Paeonia lactiflora Pall. (Pe), and a 96% ethanol extract from Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. (Ue) were investigated. Methods: The phytochemical profiles of the extracts were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by scavenging 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2&#8242;-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radicals and reducing ferric complexes, and the total phenolic content was tested with the Folin&#8211;Ciocalteu method. Cytotoxicity was determined with a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay in murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Antimicrobial activity of the three plant extracts was investigated against six bacterial strains with the broth microdilution method. Results: Only Pe showed high antioxidant activities compared to the positive controls ascorbic acid and (&#8722;)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) in DPPH assay; and generally the antioxidant activity order was ascorbic acid or EGCG &gt; Pe &gt; Ue &gt; Ge. The three plant extracts did not show strong cytotoxicity against RAW 264.7 cells after 24 h treatment with IC50 values above 60.53 &#177; 4.03 &#956;g/mL. Ue was not toxic against the six tested bacterial strains, with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values above 5 mg/mL. Ge showed medium antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter bohemicus, Kocuria kristinae, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus auricularis, and Bacillus megaterium with MICs between 0.31 and 1.25 mg/mL. Pe inhibited the growth of Acinetobacter bohemicus, Micrococcus luteus, and Bacillus megaterium at a MIC of 0.08 mg/mL. Conclusions: The three extracts were low-cytotoxic, but Pe exhibited effective DPPH radical scavenging ability and good antibacterial activity; Ue did not show antioxidant or antibacterial activity; Ge had no antioxidant potential, but medium antibacterial ability against five bacteria strains. Pe and Ge could be further studied for their potential to be developed as antioxidant or antibacterial candidates

What do minerals in the feces of Bearded Vultures reveal about their dietary habits?

The diet of Bearded Vultures Gypaetus barbatus consists mainly of bones, which are completely digested in the gastrointestinal tract, unwanted bone minerals being discarded via the feces. Chemical analyses of feces therefore provide a noninvasive technique for studying the diet of this species. We analysed the inorganic and organic remains in feces collected from Bearded Vulture nests in the Spanish Pyrenees and discussed these results with the diet of individuals determined by video camera observations. Of the food items delivered to the nest, taxonomically 65% were bone fragments of Ovis/Capra spp. (range 56–75%) and anatomically 76% (74–81%) bones from the extremities, indicating a selective preference. At least 15% of the diet was meat based, mainly originating from small prey (e.g. small carnivores, birds). The fecal analyses show that calcium and phosphorus are the most abundant mineral constituents, accounting for 41.3–44.4% of the mineral part of the feces. Among the minor elements identified, the variation in the concentrations of iron, silicon and zinc suggest differences in food selection between territories, although this could be related to varying amounts of accidentally ingested soil particles present in the food. We found variation in the content of uric acid in the feces, ranging between 0.5 and 4.6%. Higher values of uric acid might be due to a more meat or marrow bone-based diet. However, no relationship was found between the amount of calcium and uric acid levels, suggesting that the metabolites of meat digestion (uric acid) and those of bone digestion (calcium) are not negatively correlated as expected. In conclusion, our chemical analyses of feces collected from the nests of Bearded Vultures confirm that their diet consists mainly of bone remains and that these bones are digested completely. However, the direct observations of the prey items delivered to the nest produced more detailed information than the chemical analyses.This project was partially funded by Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (project RTI2018-099609-B-C22).Peer reviewe

Correction to: Outcome of kidney function after ischaemic and zero-ischaemic laparoscopic and open nephron-sparing surgery for renal cell cancer

Following publicatio

Outcome of kidney function after ischaemic and zero-ischaemic laparoscopic and open nephron-sparing surgery for renal cell cancer

Abstract Background Nephron-sparing surgery (NSS) remains gold standard for the treatment of localised renal cell cancer (RCC), even in case of a normal contralateral kidney. Compared to radical nephrectomy, kidney failure and cardiovascular events are less frequent with NSS. However, the effects of different surgical approaches and of zero ischaemia on the postoperative reduction in renal function remain controversial. We aimed to investigate the relative short- and long-term changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) after ischaemic or zero-ischaemic open (ONSS) and laparoscopic NSS (LNSS) for RCC, and to analyse prognostic factors for postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage ≥3. Methods Data of 444 patients (211 LNSS, 233 ONSS), including 57 zero-ischaemic cases, were retrospectively analysed. Multiple regression models were used to predict relative changes in renal function. Natural cubic splines were used to demonstrate the association between ischaemia time (IT) and relative changes in renal function. Results IT was identified as significant risk factor for short-term relative changes in eGFR (ß = − 0.27) and development of AKI (OR, 1.02), but no effect was found on long-term relative changes in eGFR. Natural cubic splines revealed that IT had a greater effect on patients with baseline eGFR categories ≥G3 concerning short-term decrease in renal function and development of AKI. Unlike LNSS, ONSS was significantly associated with short-term decrease in renal function (ß = − 13.48) and development of AKI (OR, 3.87). Tumour diameter was associated with long-term decrease in renal function (ß = − 1.76), whereas baseline eGFR was a prognostic factor for both short- (ß = − 0.20) and long-term (ß = − 0.29) relative changes in eGFR and the development of CKD stage ≥3 (OR, 0.89). Conclusions IT is a significant risk factor for AKI. The short-term effect of IT is not always linear, and the impact also depends on baseline eGFR. Unlike LNSS, ONSS is associated with the development of AKI. Our findings are helpful for surgical planning, and suggest either the application of a clampless NSS technique or at least the shortest possible IT to reduce the risk of short-time impairment of the renal function, which might prevent AKI, particularly regarding patients with baseline eGFR category ≥G3