Tegen de wetten van de staat, tegen de wetten van de straat?

In grote steden zijn wijken met concentraties van illegale immigranten. De bewoners voelen zich er relatief onveilig, en worden vaker slachtoffer van criminaliteit. Komt dat door de aanwezigheid van illegalen? De auteurs belichten de relaties tussen illegaal verblijf en veiligheid door statistische analyses en veldwerk in twee stadswijken in Rotterdam en Den Haag

A CCTV-based analysis of target selection by guardians intervening in interpersonal conflicts

Guardians are a potential resource of conflict de-escalation but we still know little about their actual behaviour. In this article we investigate whom among the antagonists a guardian selects as a target when they intervene in an interpersonal conflict. We investigate this using CCTV footage from Amsterdam (the Netherlands) of 46 interpersonal conflicts in public spaces involving 641 interventions by 176 individuals. We find that guardians are more likely to target antagonists: (1) who have performed the most aggressive behaviours, (2) who are not simultaneously targeted by other guardians, (3) who are from their own social group, (4) who are men. The analysis shows that the behaviour of intervening guardians is shaped by multiple aspects of the complex and often ambiguous conflict situations

Would I be helped? Cross-national CCTV footage shows that intervention is the norm in public conflicts

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from APS via the DOI in this record.Replication data, statistical scripts, and video coding procedures are made available on the Open Science Framework - https://osf.io/xzjsgHalf a century of research on bystander behavior concludes that individuals are less likely to intervene during an emergency when in the presence of others than when alone. By contrast, little is known regarding the aggregated likelihood that at least someone present at an emergency will do something to help. The importance of establishing this aggregated intervention baseline is not only of scholarly interest but is also the most pressing question for actual public victims-will I receive help if needed? The current article describes the largest systematic study of real-life bystander intervention in actual public conflicts captured by surveillance cameras. Using a unique cross-national video dataset from the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and South Africa (N = 219), we show that in 9 of 10 public conflicts, at least 1 bystander, but typically several, will do something to help. We record similar likelihoods of intervention across the 3 national contexts, which differ greatly in levels of perceived public safety. Finally, we find that increased bystander presence is related to a greater likelihood that someone will intervene. Taken together these findings allay the widespread fear that bystanders rarely intervene to help. We argue that it is time for psychology to change the narrative away from an absence of help and toward a new understanding of what makes intervention successful or unsuccessful. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)

Learning where to offend: Effects of past on future burglary locations

Informed by a growing literature on space-time patterns of repeat and near repeat burglary victimization, a crime location choice model was used to test whether burglars are attracted to areas they previously targeted. Using data in 3337 detected burglaries from one UK police force, and accounting for the distance to the offender's residence, and for other factors that make target areas attractive to burglars, it was demonstrated that burglars were more likely to commit a burglary in an area they had targeted before. This was particularly the case if the prior burglary was (very) recent. Areas near to those in which burglaries had been committed were also more likely to be selected

Criminaliteit en etniciteit. Criminele carrières van autochtone en allochtone jongeren uit het geboortecohort 1984

Dit artikel beschrijft de geregistreerde criminaliteit onder jongens en meisjes uit verschillende herkomstgroepen in de leeftijdsperiode van twaalf tot 22 jaar. We maken hierbij gebruik van officieel geregistreerde gegevens met betrekking tot de politiecontacten (HKS) van het totale cohort in 1984 in Nederland geboren personen. Indeling in herkomstgroepen gebeurde op basis van het geboorteland van (een van) de ouders. Onze belangrijkste onderzoeksvragen hierbij zijn: (1) welk deel van het geboortecohort 1984 heeft tot het tweeëntwintigste jaar een politiecontact? (2) wat zijn de kenmerken van de criminele carrières van deze jongeren? (3) wat is de aard en diversiteit van de delicten waarvoor deze jongeren worden geregistreerd? en (4) op welke kenmerken verschillen veelplegers en recidivisten van incidentele daders? Bij het beantwoorden van deze onderzoeksvragen wordt telkens onderscheid gemaakt tussen mannen en vrouwen en tussen jongeren uit verschillende herkomstgroepen. Onze resultaten laten zien dat 23 procent van de mannen en 5 procent van de vrouwen geboren in 1984 tot en met het tweeëntwintigste jaar minstens eenmaal in het HKS wordt geregistreerd. Jongeren van niet-Nederlandse herkomst zijn oververtegenwoordigd in de politiecijfers. Van alle niet-Nederlandse herkomstgroepen zijn mannen van Marokkaanse origine het sterkst oververtegenwoordigd: 54 procent van hen komt tussen de twaalf en 22 jaar minimaal één keer in aanraking met politie, waarvan een derde vijf keer of meer. Ook veel Marokkaanse meisjes komen meerdere keren in aanraking met de politie