Effect of Coffee Pulp Compost and Terrace on Erosion, Run Off and Nutrients Loss From Coffee Plantation in Lahat Regency, South Sumatra

On some coffee plantations in Lahat Regency South Sumatra, in some places the farmers did not apply agricultural practices, such as tillage, conservation practices, and fertilizers. Many researches have been done to study about effects of organic fertilizer on soil nutrients content and plant growth as well as and the impacts of terrace on soil water content, run-off and erosion. However, there was less research in the highland area. Whereas the possibilityof run off, erosion and nutrient leaching the high land area was high. Thus, it was important to apply terrace and organic coffee pulp in this farm. The aims of this research were to determine the effect of terrace and organic fertilizer on run off and soil erosion, nutrients loss and nutrient content in coffee leaves. Terrace system and organic fertilizer were applied on a one year old coffee plantation in Lahat Regency. Before the treatment applied,coffee pulp as organic fertilizer was decomposed in the chamber for about 2 months. The experiment was conducted in factorial in a Randomized Block Design with two factors. The first factor was coffee pulp compost (0, 3, and 6 Mg ha-1), and the second factor was type of terrace (without, individual, and bund terraces). The size of each plot was 2 m width and 10 m length. Data was analysed by using LSD (Least Significant Different) test. The resultshows that bund terrace reduced runoff and erosion significantly up to 79% (for run off water) and 78% (for eroded soil) compared to without terrace. Organic fertilizer did not affect run off and soil erosion. This may be caused by properties of coffee pulp compost which were fine particulates and the dosages of application were too low to cover soil suface. Bund terrace decreased significantly N, P, K nutrients in soil loss (sediment). The amount of N losswas reduced from 3.37 kg ha-1 per four months (without terrace) to about 0.75 kg ha-1 per four months (bund terrace). Terrace and organic fertilizer did not affect significantly nutrients content in the leaves, but P-content was low without organic fertilizer addition. It is suggested to apply bund terrace and higher organic fertilizer dose on the coffee farm, and further experiments when harvesting the yield (berries) are needed for the second year oldcoffee farm

Direct observation of irradiation-induced nanocavity shrinkage in Si

Nanocavities in Si substrates, formed by conventional H implantation and thermal annealing, are shown to evolve in size during subsequent Si irradiation. Both ex situ and in situ analytical techniques were used to demonstrate that the mean nanocavity diameter decreases as a function of Si irradiation dose in both the crystalline and amorphous phases. Potential mechanisms for this irradiation-induced nanocavity evolution are discussed. In the crystalline phase, the observed decrease in diameter is attributed to the gettering of interstitials. When the matrix surrounding the cavities is amorphized, cavity shrinkage may be mediated by one of two processes: nanocavities can supply vacancies into the amorphous phase and/or the amorphous phase may flow plastically into the nanocavities. Both processes yield the necessary decrease in density of the amorphous phase relative to crystalline material

Keanekaragaman Plankton dan Hubungannya dengan Kualitas Perairan Terusan dalam Taman Nasional Sembilang Banyuasin Sumatera Selatan

Ekosistem mangrove di perairan Terusan Dalam Taman Nasional Sembilang Banyuasin sebagai eko-sistem peralihan antara laut dan darat mempunyai gradien sifat lingkungan yang sangat tajam. Plankton meru-pakan salah satu komponen penting dalam ekosistem perairan. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan penelitian ten-tang keanekaragaman plankton dan hubungannya dengan kualitas perairan Terusan Dalam Taman Nasional Sembilang Banyuasin Sumatera Selatan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pengambilan sampel dengan menentukan stasiun dengan memilih daerah yang mewakili lokasi penelitian. Hal itu dilakukan untuk mendapatkan gambaran data yang mewakili kondisi perairan tersebut. Pengamatan di setiap stasiun dilakukan dengan 3 kali ulangan. Setelah semua titik pengama-tan ditetapkan, dilakukan pengambilan sampel dan pengukuran parameter-parameter yang diperlukan, baik parameter fisika, kimia dan biologi. Indeks kemerataan plankton pada bulan April 2012 berkisar antara 0,242-0,648 ind/L, sedangkan pada bulan Juni 2012 berkisar antara 0,35-3,422 ind/L. Indeks dominansi plankton pada bulan April 2012 berkisar antara 0,00059-1,2228 ind/L, sedangkan pada bulan Juni 2012 berkisar antara 0,00118-0,70298 ind/L

Hubungan Panjang-berat Dan Pola Pertumbuhan Ikan Di Muara Sungai Musi Kabupaten Banyuasin Sumatera Selatan

Muara Sungai Musi Kabupaten Banyuasin Sumatera Selatan berperan sebagai daerah penangkapan ikan, pemukiman penduduk, dan sarana transportasi. Seiring perjalanan waktu, aktivitas ini menjadi tekanan pada keberlangsungan organisme perairan, khususnya ikan. penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan panjang berat dan pola pertumbuhan ikan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 624 individu 26 spesies 18 famili ikan diperoleh nilai-nilai koefisien korelasi (R2) berkisar 0,405-0,997. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pertambahan berat sekitar 41%-100% dapat dijelaskan oleh besarnya pertambahan panjang melalui hubungan regresi. Pola pertumbuhan ikan sebanyak 7,7% bersifat isometrik, 53,8% bersifat allometrik positif, dan 38,5% bersifat allometrik negatif. Mayoritas pertambahan berat lebih cepat daripada pertambahan panjang

Identification and Decomposition of Five Dominant Wild Plants From Acid Swampland in South Sumatra

There were five emergence plants in swampland such as Polygonum barbatum, Neptunia prostrata, Phragmites karka, Ludwigia adscendens and Phragmites communis, which might be used for compost source, all the plants were easily adapted and grew very well on acid soil.  These plants were choosen because of abudancy and size. All plants were identified, collected, chopped and weighted then put in a 50 liters plastic drum for decomposting during 12 weeks. Composts temperature were monitored every week, nutrients content (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na) and compost chemical properties (C-organic, C.E.C., C/N ratio) were analysed every two weeks. Results showed that each compost from different plant varied in nutrients content and chemical properties.  Compost made of Neptunia prostata Lam. contained highest nutrients than others, it’s nutrients were N (4%), P (1675 mg kg-1), K (5.6 %), Ca (0.32 %), Mg (0.32 %) and Na (0.12 %) and the lowest nutrients content showed by compost of Phragmites karka Retz. in which N (2.4 %), P (1160 mg kg-1), K (2.62 %), Ca (0.04 %), Mg (0.07 %), and Na (0.03 %).  It seem broadleaf plants tended to have higher nutrients content than grasses or graminae. Neptunia prostrata compost had a high N content due to it’s leguminosae plant. Al and Fe were low in all composts, therefore all plants were recommended for organic nutrient sources. [How to Cite: Siti MB, A Wijaya, EP  Sagala  and SNA  Fitri. 2015. Identification and Decomposition of  Five Dominant Wild plants from Acid Swampland in South Sumatra. J Trop Soils 20: 149-155. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2015.20.3.149][Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2015.20.3.149]&nbsp

Water Status Evaluation on Tertiary Block for Developing Land Use Pattern and Water Management Strategies in Acid Sulfat Soil of Saleh Tidal Lowland Reclamation Areas of South Sumatera

The aimed of the research is to evaluate the water status in the tertiary block of tidal lowland for developing cropping pattern and water management strategies for food crop agriculture. The research was conducted in tidal lowland reclamation areas of Delta Saleh South Sumatera. The methodology used this research was survey and monitoring. Data analysis was done by comparing the water status availability with the potential cropping pattern. Computer model of DRAINMOD had been used to estimate the water table status and to design water table control operation at tertiary blocks. Model adaptation for dry land condition (C-typhology) showed that the best scenario was land utilization pattern of rice-corn. This paper presented monthly water management operational plan for rice crop in first cropping season (MT1) during November-February period and for corn crop in second cropping season (MT2) during May-August period

The Influence of Phosphate Fertilizer and Plant Growth Regulators on the Growth and Yield of Ratoon Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) Grown on Swampland

This research aimed to study the influence of phosphate fertilizer and plant growth regulator applications on the growth and yield of ratoon rice grown on swampland. The research was conducted in September 2016 to January 2017 at the greenhouse of Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Sriwijaya University. Soil characteristics were analyzed in the Laboratory of Chemistry, Biology and Soil Fertility, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Sriwijaya University. The experiment was arranged in a factorial Completely Randomized Design. The first factor was the phospate fertilizer dosages, i.e. 150 kg ha-1 (P1), 200 kg ha-1 (P2), 250 kg ha-1 (P3). The second factor was the plant growth regulator treatments, consisting of control (Z0), Cytokinin 20 ppm (Z1), Gibberellin 60 ppm (Z3). The results showed that the application of P fertilizer did not affect the yield and growth of ratoon rice. However, the application of Plant Growth Regulators resulted in a significant effect on the growth and yield of ratoon rice. The application of Plant Growth Regulator of Gibberellin with the dosage of 60 ppm was able to increase the percentage of filled grains (84.93%), decrease the percentage of empty grains (15.07%), increase the weight of 100 grains (3.63 g) and increase the dry weight of milled grains (7.80 Mg ha-1). It is suggested that the treatment resulted in better plant growth and yield obtained in the current study might be recommended for ratoon cultivation in swampland

Isotopic and velocity distributions of Bi produced in charge-pickup reactions of 208Pb at 1 A GeV

Isotopically resolved cross sections and velocity distributions have been measured in charge-pickup reactions of 1 A GeV 208Pb with proton, deuterium and titanium target. The total and partial charge-pickup cross sections in the reactions 208Pb + 1H and 208Pb + 2H are measured to be the same in the limits of the error bars. A weak increase in the total charge-pickup cross section is seen in the reaction of 208Pb with the titanium target. The measured velocity distributions show different contributions - quasi-elastic scattering and Delta-resonance excitation - to the charge-pickup production. Data on total and partial charge-pickup cross sections from these three reactions are compared with other existing data and also with model calculations based on the coupling of different intra-nuclear cascade codes and an evaporation code.Comment: 20 pages, 12 figures, background information on http://www-w2k.gsi.de/kschmidt

Probing the interface magnetism in the FeMn/NiFe exchange bias system using magnetic second harmonic generation

Second harmonic generation magneto-optic Kerr effect (SHMOKE) experiments, sensitive to buried interfaces, were performed on a polycrystalline NiFe/FeMn bilayer in which areas with different exchange bias fields were prepared using 5 KeV He ion irradiation. Both reversible and irreversible uncompensated spins are found in the antiferromagnetic layer close to the interface with the ferromagnetic layer. The SHMOKE hysteresis loop shows the same exchange bias field as obtained from standard magnetometry. We demonstrate that the exchange bias effect is controlled by pinned uncompensated spins in the antiferromagnetic layer.Comment: submitted to Phys. Rev. Let