Oxygen surface exchange kinetics of erbia-stabilized bismuth oxide

The surface oxygen exchange kinetics of bismuth\ud oxide stabilized with 25 mol% erbia (BE25) has been studied\ud in the temperature and pO2 ranges 773–1,023 K and 0.1–\ud 0.95 atm, respectively, using pulse-response 18O–16O isotope\ud exchange measurements. The results indicate that BE25\ud exhibits a comparatively high exchange rate, which is rate\ud determined by the dissociative adsorption of oxygen. Defect\ud chemical considerations and the observed pO2\ud 1=2 dependence\ud of the rate of dissociative oxygen adsorption suggest\ud electron transfer to intermediate superoxide ions as the rate\ud determining step in surface oxygen exchange on BE2

Changing paradigms of renal replacement therapy in chronic kidney disease patients: ultrapure dialysis fluid and high-efficiency hemodiafiltration for all?

Ultrapurity of dialysis fluid is important for the biocompatibility of renal replacement therapy systems. Penne and collaborators have assessed the microbiological quality of water and dialysis fluid in dialysis facilities. No side effects were noted in 97 patients who received 11,258 online hemodiafiltration sessions. This study confirms that ultrapure water and dialysis fluid may be easily produced and used for online hemodiafiltration

The Vacuum Chamber of the GANIL SSC

http://accelconf.web.cern.ch/AccelConf/c78/papers/a-14.pdfInternational audienc

Infinite N phase transitions in continuum Wilson loop operators

We define smoothed Wilson loop operators on a four dimensional lattice and check numerically that they have a finite and nontrivial continuum limit. The continuum operators maintain their character as unitary matrices and undergo a phase transition at infinite N reflected by the eigenvalue distribution closing a gap in its spectrum when the defining smooth loop is dilated from a small size to a large one. If this large N phase transition belongs to a solvable universality class one might be able to calculate analytically the string tension in terms of the perturbative Lambda-parameter. This would be achieved by matching instanton results for small loops to the relevant large-N-universal function which, in turn, would be matched for large loops to an effective string theory. Similarities between our findings and known analytical results in two dimensional space-time indicate that the phase transitions we found only affect the eigenvalue distribution, but the traces of finite powers of the Wilson loop operators stay smooth under scaling.Comment: 31 pages, 9 figures, typos and references corrected, minor clarifications adde