RESPOSTA IMUNE INESPECÍFICA DE ANIMAIS ECTOTÉRMICOS ANTÁRTICOS SOB TEMPERATURAS POLARES

This review presents data on nonspecific immune system of Antarctic metazoans poekiloterms. The phagocytosis, inflammation and wound repair were analysed in Antarctic animals, the big head fish (Notothenia coriiceps = N. neglecta), Antarctic starfish (Odontaster validus) and in Antarctic sea urchin (Sterechinus neumayeri).Esta revisão tem por objetivo apresentar os dados sobre a imunidade inespecífica de metazoários pecilotérmicos antárticos obtidos por nosso grupo de pesquisa com animais antárticos. Trataremos em particular dos processos de fagocitose, inflamação e cicatrização em peixes antárticos popularmente chamados “cabeçudas” (Notothenia coriiceps = N. neglecta), em estrelas-do-mar antárticas (Odontaster validus) e em ouriços-do-mar antárticos (Sterechinus neumayeri)

The impact of rising sea temperature on innate immune parameters in the tropical subtidal sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus and the intertidal sea urchin Echinometra lucunter

Ocean temperatures are rising throughout the world, making it necessary to evaluate the impact of these temperature changes on sea urchins, which are well-known bioindicators. This study evaluated the effect of an increase in temperature on the immune response of the subtidal Lytechinus variegatus and the intertidal Echinometra lucunter sea urchins. Both species were exposed to 20 (control), 25 and 30 °C temperatures for 24 h, 2, 7 and 14 days. Counting of coelomocytes and assays on the phagocytic response, adhesion and spreading of coelomocytes were performed. Red and colorless sphere cells were considered biomarkers for heat stress. Moreover, a significant decrease in the phagocytic indices and a decrease in both cell adhesion and cell spreading were observed at 25 and 30 °C for L. variegatus. For E. lucunter, the only alteration observed was for the cell proportions. This report shows how different species of sea urchins respond immunologically to rising temperaturesSão Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), 2011/06044-4São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), 2011/15612-6CAPE