Does socio-economic status influence the effect of multimorbidity on the frequent use of ambulatory care services in a universal healthcare system? A population-based cohort study

Background: Frequent healthcare users place a significant burden on health systems. Factors such as multimorbidity and low socioeconomic status have been associated with high use of ambulatory care services (emergency rooms, general practitioners and specialist physicians). However, the combined effect of these two factors remains poorly understood. Our goal was to determine whether the risk of being a frequent user of ambulatory care is influenced by an interaction between multimorbidity and socioeconomic status, in an entire population covered by a universal health system. Methods: Using a linkage of administrative databases, we conducted a population-based cohort study of all adults in Quebec, Canada. Multimorbidity (defined as the number of different diseases) was assessed over a two-year period from April 1st 2012 to March 31st 2014 and socioeconomic status was estimated using a validated material deprivation index. Frequents users for a particular category of ambulatory services had a number of visits among the highest 5% in the total population during the 2014–15 fiscal year. We used ajusted logistic regressions to model the association between frequent use of health services and multimorbidity, depending on socioeconomic status. Results: Frequent users (5.1% of the population) were responsible for 25.2% of all ambulatory care visits. The lower the socioeconomic status, the higher the burden of chronic diseases, and the more frequent the visits to emergency departments and general practitioners. Socioeconomic status modified the association between multimorbidity and frequent visits to specialist physicians: those with low socioeconomic status visited specialist physicians less often. The difference in adjusted proportions of frequent use between the most deprived and the least deprived individuals varied from 0.1% for those without any chronic disease to 5.1% for those with four or more chronic diseases. No such differences in proportions were observed for frequent visits to an emergency room or frequent visits to a general practitioner

User's perspectives of barriers and facilitators to implementing quality colonoscopy services in Canada: a study protocol

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents a serious and growing health problem in Canada. Colonoscopy is used for screening and diagnosis of symptomatic or high CRC risk individuals. Although a number of countries are now implementing quality colonoscopy services, knowledge synthesis of barriers and facilitators perceived by healthcare professionals and patients during implementation has not been carried out. In addition, the perspectives of various stakeholders towards the implementation of quality colonoscopy services and the need of an efficient organisation of such services have been reported in the literature but have not been synthesised yet. The present study aims to produce a comprehensive synthesis of actual knowledge on the barriers and facilitators perceived by all stakeholders to the implementation of quality colonoscopy services in Canada.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>First, we will conduct a comprehensive review of the scientific literature and other published documentation on the barriers and facilitators to implementing quality colonoscopy services. Standardised literature searches and data extraction methods will be used. The quality of the studies and their relevance to informing decisions on colonoscopy services implementation will be assessed. For each group of users identified, barriers and facilitators will be categorised and compiled using narrative synthesis and meta-analytical techniques. The principle factors identified for each group of users will then be validated for its applicability to various Canadian contexts using the Delphi study method. Following this study, a set of strategies will be identified to inform decision makers involved in the implementation of quality colonoscopy services across Canadian jurisdictions.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>This study will be the first to systematically summarise the barriers and facilitators to implementation of quality colonoscopy services perceived by different groups and to consider the local contexts in order to ensure the applicability of this knowledge to the particular realities of various Canadian jurisdictions. Linkages with strategic partners and decision makers in the realisation of this project will favour the utilisation of its results to support strategies for implementing quality colonoscopy services and CRC screening programs in the Canadian health system.</p

Combined impacts of multimorbidity and mental disorders on frequent emergency department visits : a retrospective cohort study in Quebec, Canada.

BACKGROUND: Multimorbidity and mental disorders are independently associated with frequent visits to the emergency department (≥ 3 visits/yr), but their interaction has been little studied. We aimed to measure the interaction between mental disorders and physical multimorbidity with respect to frequent visits to the emergency department. METHODS: We conducted a populationbased cohort study of adults in Quebec from 2012 to 2016, using the Quebec Integrated Chronic Disease Surveillance System. We assessed multimorbidity as the number of physical illnesses and mental disorders as serious (psychotic or bipolar disorders), common or absent, using data from 2012 to 2014. We counted emergency department visits from 2014 to 2015. We used logistic regression to estimate interaction on frequent visits to the emergency department from 2 perspectives: of public health (additive scale as differences in risk) and of individual patients (multiplicative scale as odds ratios). RESULTS: Each additional physical illness was associated with a greater increase in the absolute risk of frequent visits to the emergency department for people with mental disorders. Between 0 and ≥ 4 physical conditions, the absolute risk increased more for individuals with serious mental disorders (16.2%) than common (15.3%) or no disorders (11.4%). On the relative scale, for people with no mental disorders and ≥ 4 physical conditions, odds of frequent visits to the emergency department were 6.2 (95% confidence interval [CI] 6.08–6.35) times the odds for people with no physical conditions. For individuals with common and serious mental illnesses, corresponding odds ratios were 4.75 (95% CI 4.60–4.90) and 3.7 (95% CI 3.18–3.57), respectively. INTERPRETATION: Mental disorders interact with physical multimorbidity to increase the odds of frequent visits to the emergency department. More research is needed on interventions that promote high-quality care for mental illness, especially in the context of physical multimorbidity

L’effet combiné de la multimorbidité et des troubles mentaux sur les admissions fréquentes à l’urgence chez les adultes québécois

Les travaux présentés dans ce feuillet visent à déterminer si la multimorbidité physique et les troubles mentaux agissent en synergie pour augmenter le risque d’admissions fréquentes à l’urgence. Les objectifs spécifiques sont de : 1) estimer la prévalence des troubles mentaux selon le nombre de maladies chroniques physiques; 2) quantifier l’effet des maladies chroniques physiques et des troubles mentaux sur les admissions fréquentes à l’urgence. La prévalence des troubles mentaux est de 11,6 % en absence de maladie chronique physique et augmente à 31,4 % en présence de quatre maladies chroniques physiques ou plus. La présence de troubles mentaux et la multimorbidité physique sont toutes deux associées à une augmentation des admissions fréquentes à l’urgence. Chez les individus avec trouble mental sévère, lorsque le nombre de maladies chroniques physiques varie d’aucune à quatre ou plus, la proportion d’utilisateurs fréquents de l’urgence passe de 9,2 % à 25,4 % (soit une augmentation de 16,2 points de pourcentage). Cette augmentation est moindre (11,4 points de pourcentage) chez les individus sans trouble mental. Notre étude populationnelle démontre l’importance primordiale de la santé mentale comme contributeur aux admissions fréquentes à l’urgence, un problème majeur dans le contexte québécois et ailleurs dans le monde. Tant pour les individus que pour le système de santé, les troubles mentaux augmentent le risque d’admissions fréquentes de manière significative. Une amélioration dans la prise en charge des individus avec des troubles mentaux pourrait avoir un double impact (par l’effet direct des troubles mentaux et de leur synergie avec les maladies chroniques physiques) sur la réduction des admissions fréquentes à l’urgence. Une meilleure compréhension des causes sous-jacentes de cette synergie serait utile dans la planification des soins, par exemple pour cibler des personnes à risque pour des programmes de suivi et des soins intégrés qui prendraient en compte les besoins particuliers des patients multimorbides avec des troubles mentaux

De la biologie à la clinique : le décès dû au cancer de la prostate peut-il maintenant être une exception ?

La découverte la plus conséquente de la deuxième moitié du xxe siècle dans le domaine du traitement du cancer de la prostate est probablement la mise en évidence que la prostate humaine, de même que de nombreux autres tissus périphériques, fabriquent localement une quantité importante d’androgènes à partir de précurseurs surrénaliens inactifs, essentiellement la déhydroépiandrostérone (DHEA) et son sulfate DHEA-S. Parallèlement à ces observations, deux autres découvertes importantes de notre groupe sont maintenant appliquées en clinique à travers le monde. Ainsi, les agonistes de la LH-RH (luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone) sont utilisés pour obtenir un blocage complet des androgènes d’origine testiculaire alors que, simultanément, les androgènes produits au niveau de la prostate à partir de la DHEA sont bloqués dans leur accès au récepteur des androgènes par un antiandrogène pur de la classe du flutamide. Ce traitement, appelé blocage androgénique combiné, est d’ailleurs le premier traitement démontré comme prolongeant la vie dans le cancer de la prostate. Alors que les premières études ont été effectuées chez des patients ayant un cancer avancé, nos données récentes indiquent un niveau d’efficacité remarquable de ce même traitement appliqué au stade localisé du cancer, avec une possibilité de guérison de l’ordre de 90%. Toutefois, afin de pouvoir traiter le cancer de la prostate au stade localisé, un diagnostic précoce est un prérequis. La première étude randomisée effectuée à grande échelle sur le dépistage du cancer de la prostate a démontré que 99% des cancers de la prostate peuvent être diagnostiqués au stade localisé ou potentiellement guérissable, grâce à la simple mesure annuelle de l’APS (antigène prostatique spécifique). Ainsi, la simple application des moyens diagnostiques et thérapeutiques actuellement disponibles peut faire en sorte que le décès dû au cancer de la prostate devienne une exception.The most significant discovery of the second half of the xxth century in the field of prostate cancer therapy is probably the observation that the human prostate, as well as many other peripheral human tissues, synthesize locally an important amount of androgens from the inactive steroid precursors dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfate DHEA-S. In parallel with these observations, two important discoveries also made by our group are applied in the clinic worlwide, namely the use of LHRH (luteininizing hormone-releasing hormone) agonists to completely block testicular androgens, while, simultaneously, the androgens made locally in the prostate from DHEA are blocked in their access to the androgen receptor by a pure antiandrogen of the class of flutamide. This treatment, called combined androgen blockade, has been the first treatment demonstrated to prolong life in prostate cancer. While the first studies were performed in patients with advanced and metastatic disease, our recent data indicate a remarkable level of efficacy of the same treatment applied to localized prostate cancer, namely a 90% possibility of cure. However, in order to be able to treat localized prostate cancer, early diagnosis must be achieved. In the first large-scale randomized study of prostate cancer screening, we have demonstrated that 99% of prostate cancers can be diagnosed at the localized or potentially curable stage, using simple annual measurement of PSA (prostatic specific antigen). Today’s data show that with the simple application of the available diagnostic and therapeutic tools, death from prostate cancer should be an exception

Additional file 1: of Understanding cancer networks better to implement them more effectively: a mixed methods multi-case study

Partnership structure of the study. Partnership structure for integrated knowledge transfer. (DOCX 61 kb