Ten Years of ArkeoGIS: Feedback on the Challenges and Benefits of Digitally Sharing Archeological Data

After more than a decade online, the ArkeoGIS project illustrates the benefits of data sharing. Thanks to free software bricks, and with the precious help of the CNRS’s Huma-Num infrastructure, this spreadsheet sharing platform has shown its efficiency. Users can freely select their language, chronology and the data they wish to share. With over 100 database extracts from professionals, research grants and advanced students, the tool now offers more than 100,000 spatialized data units about the past - in the Upper Rhine valley and also worldwide depending on users’ needs. In this contribution, good practices, hindrances and accelerators of data sharing among archaeologists and (paleo-) environmentalists on the ArkeoGIS platform will be discussed, with the hope of generating more sharing in the digital humanities

Studies on European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). Part 1: Variations of wood colour parameters

Colour parameters of European beech were measured using CIELab system. 103 logs from 87 trees in 9 sites were cut into boards to study the variations of wood colour parameters. Both site and tree effect on colour were observed. Patterns of red heartwood occurrence were defined. When excepting red heartwood there was still a highly significant effect of site and tree; differences remained after veneer processing. Axial variations were small, except very near the pith or in red heartwood, suggesting possible early selection at periphery under colour criteria. Red heartwood is darker, redder and more yellow than normal peripheral wood.Comment: to be published in Annals of Forest Science reception 12.8.04; acceptation 15.2.0

ArkeoGIS, un outil libre de mise en commun de données spatialisées

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Stanislas Clastrier (1857-1925), hagiographie contrastée d’un acteur de l’archéologie protohistorique marseillaise

1. Introduction Si le nom de Stanislas Clastrier est connu de rares archéologues travaillant sur Marseille, son œuvre est méconnue du grand public. Il fait pourtant partie de ces quelques chercheurs qui sont à l’origine du développement de la protohistoire provençale, voire de la protohistoire tout court, même si la postérité n’a pas retenu leur nom. Une première recherche fait apparaître l’existence d’une allée Clastrier à Vitrolles. Il est sinon référencé uniquement comme l’auteur de sculpt..

Long-term viral competition monitoring: a case of epidemiological rescue

Biological invasions are major threats to biodiversity and the main causes of emerging viral diseases. The ongoing spread of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus is a major concern to the sustainable tomato production throughout the world. The two main strains of TYLCV have been successively introduced in Reunion Island providing a fortuitous field experiment to study the invasion and competition of these two emerging strains in a tropical and insular environment. In this study, a seven-year field survey was performed following the introduction of the Israel strain of TYLCV (TYLCV-IL) into a niche occupied by the Mild strain of TYLCV (TYLCV-Mld). A displacement of the resident TYLCV-Mld by the newcomer TYLCV-IL was observed in this short period. To understand the factors associated with this displacement, biological traits related to fitness were measured to compare these strains. Besides demonstrating a better ecological aptitude of TYLCV-IL, which explains its rapid spread and increasing prevalence, the first estimate of the number of viral particles efficiently transmitted by an insect vector for a circulative virus was obtained. However, TYLCV-Mld persistence in the field (especially in mixed infections with TYLCV-IL) spurred further experiments regarding the effects of the mixed infections on these biological traits. Our study revealed complex interplay between these two strains of one of the most emergent plant virus following their successive introductions in the insular and tropical environment of Reunion Island. This rare case of unilateral facilitation between two pathogens led to the epidemiological rescue and maintenance of the less fit strain. (Texte intégral

Numerical modeling using an elastoplastic-adhesive discrete element code for simulating hillslope debris flows and calibration against field experiments

This paper presents a discrete-element-based elastoplastic-adhesive model which is adapted and tested for producing hillslope debris flows. The numerical model produces three phases of particle contacts: elastic, plastic and adhesive. A parametric study was conducted investigating the effect of model parameters and inclination angle on flow height, velocity and pressure, in order to define the most sensitive parameters to calibrate. The model capabilities of simulating different types of cohesive granular flows were tested with different ranges of flow velocities and heights. The basic model parameters, the microscopic basal friction (ϕb) and ratio between stiffness parameters √k1/k2, were calibrated using field experiments of hillslope debris flows impacting a pressure-measuring sensor. Simulations of 50 m3 of material were carried out on a channelized surface that is 41 m long and 8 m wide. The calibration process was based on measurements of flow height, flow velocity and the pressure applied to a sensor. Results of the numerical model matched those of the field data in terms of pressure and flow velocity well while less agreement was observed for flow height. Those discrepancies in results were due in part to the deposition of material in the field test, which is not reproducible in the model. Results of best-fit model parameters against selected experimental tests suggested that a link might exist between the model parameters and the initial conditions of the tested granular material (bulk density and water and fine contents). The good performance of the model against the full-scale field experiments encourages further investigation by conducting lab-scale experiments with detailed variation in water and fine content to better understand their link to the model's parameters

Rapid accumulation and low degradation: Key parameters of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus persistence in its insect vector Bemisia tabaci

Of worldwide economic importance, Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV, Begomovirus) is responsible for one of the most devastating plant diseases in warm and temperate regions. The DNA begomoviruses (Geminiviridae) are transmitted by the whitefly species complex Bemisia tabaci. Although geminiviruses have long been described as circulative non-propagative viruses, observations such as long persistence of TYLCV in B. tabaci raised the question of their possible replication in the vector. We monitored two major TYLCV strains, Mild (Mld) and Israel (IL), in the invasive B. tabaci Middle East-Asia Minor 1 cryptic species, during and after the viral acquisition, within two timeframes (0–144 hours or 0–20 days). TYLCV DNA was quantified using real-time PCR, and the complementary DNA strand of TYLCV involved in viral replication was specifically quantified using anchored real-time PCR. The DNA of both TYLCV strains accumulated exponentially during acquisition but remained stable after viral acquisition had stopped. Neither replication nor vertical transmission were observed. In conclusion, our quantification of the viral loads and complementary strands of both Mld and IL strains of TYLCV in B. tabaci point to an efficient accumulation and preservation mechanism, rather than to a dynamic equilibrium between replication and degradation. (Résumé d'auteur

1. Grecs et indigènes dans le territoire de Marseille

Selon les sources littéraires, les Grecs qui fondent Marseille vers 600 le font en accord avec des populations indigènes qui devaient habiter à quelques kilomètres de la nouvelle ville, peut-être dans la vallée de l’Huveaune. Très vite cependant durent éclater des conflits pour le contrôle des terres agricoles, ce qui explique sans doute l’apparition, puis la disparition de sites fortifiés indigènes à une dizaine de kilomètre de la cité grecque. La situation est sans doute comparable au IIIe s. av. J.-C., comme en témoigne le site du Verduron, détruit vers 200 av. J.-C.From the litterary datas, the Greeks who founded Marseilles around 600 BC agreed with native populations who lived probably a few kilometers from the new city, perhaps in the Huveaune valley. Soon conflicts broke out for the control of arable lands ; thus can we explain the construction and rapid abandonment of several indigenous oppida 10 km off the city. The situation was probably the same in the third century BC, as testifies the fortified site of Verduron, destroyed about 200 BC

Le site de Marseilleveyre entre Grecs et indigènes. État de la question, recherches récentes et nouvelles approches

L’article dresse le bilan d’une recherche collective sur le site de Marseilleveyre, localisé au sud du bassin territorial de Marseille grecque, dans un massif connu pour l’occupation antique d’un certain nombre de ses grottes. D’abord identifié comme un oppidum celto-ligure par les publications anciennes, il a fait l’objet de nouvelles recherches depuis 2008 dans le cadre d’un programme collectif de recherches sur l’ensemble du massif. Dans l’état actuel de la recherche, cet habitat au faciès celto-ligure a révélé une occupation en réalité limitée, à la fois par la chronologie, – entre la première moitié et le troisième quart du VIe s. av. J.-C. – et par l’extension topographique.This paper presents the results of a collective research on Marseilleveyre site, located at south of territorial basin of Greek Marseille, in the homonymous hills, where some caves have been occupated during Antiquity. First identified as a Celtic-Ligurian oppidum by former publications, it has been the subject of new research since 2008 as part of a collective research program on the whole hills. In the present state of research, this Celtic-Ligurian settlement revealed a limited occupation, both for its chronology, between the first half and the third quarter of the sixth century a.C., and its topographic extension