Influencia de la suplementación del medio de maduración y de cultivo en la supervivencia a la criopreservación de embriones bovinos in vitro

Tesis (Maestría en Reproducción Bovina)--UNC- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias ; Instituto de Reproducción Animal Córdoba, 2016.El objetivo de esta tesis fue evaluar la influencia de la suplementación del medio de maduración (MIV) y de cultivo (CIV) en la supervivencia a la criopreservación de embriones bovinos in vitro. En el experimento 1, se evaluó el efecto de la adición de Factor de Crecimiento Epidermal (EGF), en dos concentraciones, en el medio MIV sobre la supervivencia a la congelación convencional. Encontrándose que la adición de 50 ng/ml o 100 ng/ml, favoreció la maduración nuclear y no ejerció influencia sobre el desarrollo embrionario y la supervivencia de embriones congelados. En el experimento 2, se evaluó el efecto de la adición de Cisteamina en el medio de MIV sobre la supervivencia a la congelación. Observándose que la adición de 100 M favoreció la maduración nuclear y presentó una tendencia al aumento del porcentaje de embriones re – expandidos descongelados. En el experimento 3, se evaluó el efecto de la adición de 100 M de Cisteamina y de 100 ng/ml de EGF al medio MIV sobre la supervivencia a la congelación. Observándose que favoreció el desarrollo embrionario, pero no influyó en la supervivencia embrionaria. En el experimento 4, se evaluó el efecto en la supervivencia de embriones in vitro por la adición de Cisteamina en el medio de CIV en d3 y d5, encontrándose que la adición de 100 M en d5 favoreció la producción de embriones y al suplementar con 50 o 100 M en este mismo día, se favoreció la eclosión a las 72 hs., pero no influyó en el número de blastómeras. En el experimento 5, se evaluó el efecto en la supervivencia de embriones in vitro por la adición de ácido linoleico en el medio de CIV en d3 y d5. Observándose que suplementar con 50 M en d3, favoreció el clivaje y presentó una tendencia al aumento en el porcentaje de embriones y que la adición de 50 M en d5 favoreció la re-expansión de embriones descongelados. En el experimento 6, se evaluó el efecto en la supervivencia de embriones in vitro por la adición de fosfatidilcolina de soja en el medio de cultivo en los días 3 y 5, encontrándose que no influyó en el número de blastómeras, desarrollo embrionario y supervivencia a la congelación. En el experimento 7, se evaluó el efecto de la adición de Ácido linoleico, Cisteamina y lecitina en el medio de CIV en la supervivencia embrionaria a la congelación, encontrándose ningún efecto.The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the influence of supplementation IVM medium and CIV in cryopreservation survival of bovine embryos in vitro. In Experiment 1, the effect of the addition of EGF in the IVM medium on freezing survival finding that the addition of 50 ng/ml or 100 ng/ml, promotes nuclear maturation and no influence on embryo development and survival of frozen embryos. In experiment 2, the effect of adding Cysteamine in IVM medium was evaluated on survival frozen embryos, observed that the addition of 100 M promotes nuclear maturation and has a tendency to increase embryo re - expansion after thawed. In Experiment 3, the objective was study the effect of addition of cysteamine and EGF in IVM medium on frozen embryo survival and concluding that only embryo development improved and has no effect of embryo survival. In experiment 4, the goal was evaluate the in vitro embryo survival by the addition of cysteamine in IVC medium in d3 or d5, finding that the addition of 100 mM in d5 improved embryo production and with addition of 50 and 100 mM in the same day, improved hatching but has no influence in blastomeres numbers. In Experiment 5, the aim was study the effect of in vitro embryo survival by the addition of linoleic acid in IVC medium in d3 or d5, concluding that whit the supplementation with 50 mM in d3 stimulate embryos cleavage, presenting a tendency in embryo rates and the addition of 50 mM in d5 improve re-expansion on frozen embryos. In Experiment 6, the effect on survival of embryos in vitro by addition of soy phosphatidylcholine in the culture medium on days 3 and 5 were evaluated and found to not influence. In Experiment 7, the effect of the addition of linoleic acid, Cysteamine and lecithin in the culture medium has no effect in frozen embryo survival

Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the Largest HIV-1 CRF02_AG Outbreak in Spain: Evidence for Onward Transmissions

Background and Aim: The circulating recombinant form 02_AG (CRF02_AG) is the predominant clade among the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) non-Bs with a prevalence of 5.97% (95% Confidence Interval-CI: 5.41–6.57%) across Spain. Our aim was to estimate the levels of regional clustering for CRF02_AG and the spatiotemporal characteristics of the largest CRF02_AG subepidemic in Spain.Methods: We studied 396 CRF02_AG sequences obtained from HIV-1 diagnosed patients during 2000–2014 from 10 autonomous communities of Spain. Phylogenetic analysis was performed on the 391 CRF02_AG sequences along with all globally sampled CRF02_AG sequences (N = 3,302) as references. Phylodynamic and phylogeographic analysis was performed to the largest CRF02_AG monophyletic cluster by a Bayesian method in BEAST v1.8.0 and by reconstructing ancestral states using the criterion of parsimony in Mesquite v3.4, respectively.Results: The HIV-1 CRF02_AG prevalence differed across Spanish autonomous communities we sampled from (p < 0.001). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 52.7% of the CRF02_AG sequences formed 56 monophyletic clusters, with a range of 2–79 sequences. The CRF02_AG regional dispersal differed across Spain (p = 0.003), as suggested by monophyletic clustering. For the largest monophyletic cluster (subepidemic) (N = 79), 49.4% of the clustered sequences originated from Madrid, while most sequences (51.9%) had been obtained from men having sex with men (MSM). Molecular clock analysis suggested that the origin (tMRCA) of the CRF02_AG subepidemic was in 2002 (median estimate; 95% Highest Posterior Density-HPD interval: 1999–2004). Additionally, we found significant clustering within the CRF02_AG subepidemic according to the ethnic origin.Conclusion: CRF02_AG has been introduced as a result of multiple introductions in Spain, following regional dispersal in several cases. We showed that CRF02_AG transmissions were mostly due to regional dispersal in Spain. The hot-spot for the largest CRF02_AG regional subepidemic in Spain was in Madrid associated with MSM transmission risk group. The existence of subepidemics suggest that several spillovers occurred from Madrid to other areas. CRF02_AG sequences from Hispanics were clustered in a separate subclade suggesting no linkage between the local and Hispanic subepidemics

COVID-19 in hospitalized HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients : A matched study

CatedresObjectives: We compared the characteristics and clinical outcomes of hospitalized individuals with COVID-19 with [people with HIV (PWH)] and without (non-PWH) HIV co-infection in Spain during the first wave of the pandemic. Methods: This was a retrospective matched cohort study. People with HIV were identified by reviewing clinical records and laboratory registries of 10 922 patients in active-follow-up within the Spanish HIV Research Network (CoRIS) up to 30 June 2020. Each hospitalized PWH was matched with five non-PWH of the same age and sex randomly selected from COVID-19@Spain, a multicentre cohort of 4035 patients hospitalized with confirmed COVID-19. The main outcome was all-cause in-hospital mortality. Results: Forty-five PWH with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 were identified in CoRIS, 21 of whom were hospitalized. A total of 105 age/sex-matched controls were selected from the COVID-19@Spain cohort. The median age in both groups was 53 (Q1-Q3, 46-56) years, and 90.5% were men. In PWH, 19.1% were injecting drug users, 95.2% were on antiretroviral therapy, 94.4% had HIV-RNA < 50 copies/mL, and the median (Q1-Q3) CD4 count was 595 (349-798) cells/μL. No statistically significant differences were found between PWH and non-PWH in number of comorbidities, presenting signs and symptoms, laboratory parameters, radiology findings and severity scores on admission. Corticosteroids were administered to 33.3% and 27.4% of PWH and non-PWH, respectively (P = 0.580). Deaths during admission were documented in two (9.5%) PWH and 12 (11.4%) non-PWH (P = 0.800). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that well-controlled HIV infection does not modify the clinical presentation or worsen clinical outcomes of COVID-19 hospitalization

Discovering HIV related information by means of association rules and machine learning

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is still one of the main health problems worldwide. It is therefore essential to keep making progress in improving the prognosis and quality of life of affected patients. One way to advance along this pathway is to uncover connections between other disorders associated with HIV/AIDS-so that they can be anticipated and possibly mitigated. We propose to achieve this by using Association Rules (ARs). They allow us to represent the dependencies between a number of diseases and other specific diseases. However, classical techniques systematically generate every AR meeting some minimal conditions on data frequency, hence generating a vast amount of uninteresting ARs, which need to be filtered out. The lack of manually annotated ARs has favored unsupervised filtering, even though they produce limited results. In this paper, we propose a semi-supervised system, able to identify relevant ARs among HIV-related diseases with a minimal amount of annotated training data. Our system has been able to extract a good number of relationships between HIV-related diseases that have been previously detected in the literature but are scattered and are often little known. Furthermore, a number of plausible new relationships have shown up which deserve further investigation by qualified medical experts

How do women living with HIV experience menopause? Menopausal symptoms, anxiety and depression according to reproductive age in a multicenter cohort

CatedresBackground: To estimate the prevalence and severity of menopausal symptoms and anxiety/depression and to assess the differences according to menopausal status among women living with HIV aged 45-60 years from the cohort of Spanish HIV/AIDS Research Network (CoRIS). Methods: Women were interviewed by phone between September 2017 and December 2018 to determine whether they had experienced menopausal symptoms and anxiety/depression. The Menopause Rating Scale was used to evaluate the prevalence and severity of symptoms related to menopause in three subscales: somatic, psychologic and urogenital; and the 4-item Patient Health Questionnaire was used for anxiety/depression. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) of association between menopausal status, and other potential risk factors, the presence and severity of somatic, psychological and urogenital symptoms and of anxiety/depression. Results: Of 251 women included, 137 (54.6%) were post-, 70 (27.9%) peri- and 44 (17.5%) pre-menopausal, respectively. Median age of onset menopause was 48 years (IQR 45-50). The proportions of pre-, peri- and post-menopausal women who had experienced any menopausal symptoms were 45.5%, 60.0% and 66.4%, respectively. Both peri- and post-menopause were associated with a higher likelihood of having somatic symptoms (aOR 3.01; 95% CI 1.38-6.55 and 2.63; 1.44-4.81, respectively), while post-menopause increased the likelihood of having psychological (2.16; 1.13-4.14) and urogenital symptoms (2.54; 1.42-4.85). By other hand, post-menopausal women had a statistically significant five-fold increase in the likelihood of presenting severe urogenital symptoms than pre-menopausal women (4.90; 1.74-13.84). No significant differences by menopausal status were found for anxiety/depression. Joint/muscle problems, exhaustion and sleeping disorders were the most commonly reported symptoms among all women. Differences in the prevalences of vaginal dryness (p = 0.002), joint/muscle complaints (p = 0.032), and sweating/flush (p = 0.032) were found among the three groups. Conclusions: Women living with HIV experienced a wide variety of menopausal symptoms, some of them initiated before women had any menstrual irregularity. We found a higher likelihood of somatic symptoms in peri- and post-menopausal women, while a higher likelihood of psychological and urogenital symptoms was found in post-menopausal women. Most somatic symptoms were of low or moderate severity, probably due to the good clinical and immunological situation of these women