269 research outputs found
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Intra-EU investment protection in a post-Achmea world
In Commission v Hungary, the CJEU found that Hungary failed to fulfil its obligations under EU law by restricting EU investors’ rights. This Perspective considers what the judgment means for the future of intra-EU investment protection, and whether it will approximate the level of protection currently enjoyed under investor-state arbitration
Anomalous expansion and phonon damping due to the Co spin-state transition in RCoO_3 with R = La, Pr, Nd and Eu
We present a combined study of the thermal expansion and the thermal
conductivity of the perovskite series RCoO_3 with R = La, Nd, Pr and Eu. The
well-known spin-state transition in LaCoO_3 is strongly affected by the
exchange of the R ions due to their different ionic radii, i.e. chemical
pressure. This can be monitored in detail by measurements of the thermal
expansion, which is a highly sensitive probe for detecting spin-state
transitions. The Co ions in the higher spin state act as additional scattering
centers for phonons, therefore suppressing the phonon thermal conductivity.
Based on the analysis of the interplay between spin-state transition and heat
transport, we present a quantitative model of the thermal conductivity for the
entire series. In PrCoO_3, an additional scattering effect is active at low
temperatures. This effect arises from the crystal field splitting of the 4f
multiplet, which allows for resonant scattering of phonons between the various
4f levels.Comment: 15 pages including 5 figure
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Achmea判决后的欧盟内部投资保护
In Commission v Hungary, the CJEU found that Hungary failed to fulfil its obligations under EU law by restricting EU investors’ rights. This Perspective considers what the judgment means for the future of intra-EU investment protection, and whether it will approximate the level of protection currently enjoyed under investor-state arbitration
Path integral quantization of electrodynamics in dielectric media
In the present paper we study the Faddeev-Popov path integral quantization of
electrodynamics in an inhomogenious dielectric medium. We quantize all
polarizations of the photons and introduce the corresponding ghost fields.
Using the heat kernel technique, we express the heat kernel coefficients in
terms of the dielectricity and calculate the ultra violet
divergent terms in the effective action. No cancellation between ghosts and
"non-physical" degrees of freedom of the photon is observed.Comment: 10 pages, Latex, submitted to J.Phys.A, revised (a misprint in the
bibliography
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使WTO投资便利化框架免受ISDS影响
The authors identify several ways in which an investment facilitation framework for development can be insulated from investor-state dispute settlement provisions in international investment agreements, and suggest specific formulations in this respect
Insulating a WTO Investment Facilitation Framework from ISDS
The authors identify several ways in which an investment facilitation framework for development can be insulated from investor-state dispute settlement provisions in international investment agreements, and suggest specific formulations in this respect
Strong damping of phononic heat current by magnetic excitations in SrCu_2(BO_3)_2
Measurements of the thermal conductivity as a function of temperature and
magnetic field in the 2D dimer spin system SrCu(BO) are presented.
In zero magnetic field the thermal conductivity along and perpendicular to the
magnetic planes shows a pronounced double-peak structure as a function of
temperature. The low-temperature maximum is drastically suppressed with
increasing magnetic field. Our quantitative analysis reveals that the heat
current is due to phonons and that the double-peak structure arises from
pronounced resonant scattering of phonons by magnetic excitations.Comment: a bit more than 4 pages, 2 figures included; minor changes to improve
the clarity of the presentatio
Dilatonic current-carrying cosmic strings
We investigate the nature of ordinary cosmic vortices in some scalar-tensor
extensions of gravity. We find solutions for which the dilaton field condenses
inside the vortex core. These solutions can be interpreted as raising the
degeneracy between the eigenvalues of the effective stress-energy tensor,
namely the energy per unit length U and the tension T, by picking a privileged
spacelike or timelike coordinate direction; in the latter case, a phase
frequency threshold occurs that is similar to what is found in ordinary neutral
current-carrying cosmic strings. We find that the dilaton contribution for the
equation of state, once averaged along the string worldsheet, vanishes, leading
to an effective Nambu-Goto behavior of such a string network in cosmology, i.e.
on very large scales. It is found also that on small scales, the energy per
unit length and tension depend on the string internal coordinates in such a way
as to permit the existence of centrifugally supported equilibrium
configuration, also known as vortons, whose stability, depending on the very
short distance (unknown) physics, can lead to catastrophic consequences on the
evolution of the Universe.Comment: 10 pages, ReVTeX, 2 figures, minor typos corrected. This version to
appear in Phys. Rev.
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