Women’s attitude and reasons toward justifying domestic violence in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Domestic violence (DV) is a global public problem that touches all levels of society and socio-economic status. Identifying women's attitudes towards domestic violence is an important first step in the prevention and control of its consequence. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed: (i) to synthesize women’s reasons for justifying domestic violence and (ii) to determine the pooled prevalence of women’s attitude towards domestic violence in Ethiopia. Methods: Pub-Med and google scholar data bases searched for quantitative cross-sectional studies. The study quality was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment tool. Heterogeneity test and evidence of publication bias were assessed. Pooled prevalence of women’s attitude was calculated with 95%CI using random effects model. Results:  A total of 15 articles were included in the study. The pooled prevalence of women’s attitude towards justifying domestic violence was found to be 57% (95% CI; 47.0%-67.2%). Reasons for justifying were: burning food, argues with husband, goes out without telling, neglects children, refuses sex, unfaithful, disobeys and suspects infidelity.Conclusion:  More than half of women accept domestic violence. Authors’ suggest strengthening of women’s awareness toward norms that justify wife beating.Keywords: Attitude, domestic violence, Ethiopia

Women\u2019s attitude and reasons toward justifying domestic violence in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Domestic violence (DV) is a global public problem that touches all levels of society and socio-economic status. Identifying women's attitudes towards domestic violence is an important first step in the prevention and control of its consequence. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed: (i) to synthesize women\u2019s reasons for justifying domestic violence and (ii) to determine the pooled prevalence of women\u2019s attitude towards domestic violence in Ethiopia. Methods: Pub-Med and google scholar data bases searched for quantitative cross-sectional studies. The study quality was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment tool. Heterogeneity test and evidence of publication bias were assessed. Pooled prevalence of women\u2019s attitude was calculated with 95%CI using random effects model. Results: A total of 15 articles were included in the study. The pooled prevalence of women\u2019s attitude towards justifying domestic violence was found to be 57% (95% CI; 47.0%-67.2%). Reasons for justifying were: burning food, argues with husband, goes out without telling, neglects children, refuses sex, unfaithful, disobeys and suspects infidelity. Conclusion: More than half of women accept domestic violence. Authors\u2019 suggest strengthening of women\u2019s awareness toward norms that justify wife beating

Alcohol use related injury in Northwest Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study

Alcohol-related violence resulting in injury is a global public health problem and Africa is no exception. In the country of Ethiopia, there is a lack of statistical evidence regarding this issue. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence prevalence of alcohol-related violence and injury and its associative factors. Hospital based crosssectional research method was employed from January to June 30, 2014. The source population and study population were all interpersonal violence injured patients in the emergency department of University of Gondar Hospital. Data were collected using injury surveillance guidelines developed by the World Health Organization. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to identify the presence and strength of association. Odds ratios with 95% confidence interval were computed to determine the level of significance. A total of 395 participants were involved in the study. The proportion of ARVI was found to be 119 (30.1%); gender, poor behavioral control and poor family functioning were found to be independently associated with alcohol-related interpersonal violence injury. The prevalence of alcohol-related violence and injury is high in Ethiopia. There is an urgent need to step up health advocacy with respect to reducing alcohol consumption in the country.Keywords: Alcohol, Emergency Department, injury, violenc

Perceived stigma and associated factors among people with epilepsy at Gondar University Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional institution based study

Background: Epilepsy is the world\u2019s most common neurological disorder, affecting approximately 69 million people worldwide. Perceived stigma affects many domains of the lives of people with epilepsy. However, in Ethiopia there is dearth of study on perceived stigma specifically among people with epilepsy. Objective: To assess the prevalence of perceived stigma and associated factors among people with epilepsy (PWE) attending the outpatient department of the University of Gondar hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2014. Methods: Institution based quantitative cross - sectional study was employed among 408 individuals people with epilepsy. Single population proportion formula was used utilized to calculate sample size. The participants were selected using systematic random sampling technique. Perceived stigma was measured using by the modified Family Interview Schedule (FIS) tool. Binary logistic regression analysis and adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval were used to identify the associated factors with perceived stigma.. Results: Overall, the prevalence of perceived stigma was found to be 71.6%. Marital status [single (AOR = 0.23, CI: 0.25, 0.90), widowed ( AOR = 0.37, CI: 0.15, 0.90) duration of illness [2-5 years (AOR = 4.38, CI:1.98,9.62, 6-10 years (AOR =4.29, CI:1.90,9.64, 6511 years (AOR = 4.31,CI:1.84,10.00) and seizure frequency of [1- 11per year (AOR=2.34, CI:2.21,3.56), 651per month (AOR = 5.63, CI:3.42,10.32)] were factors associated with perceived stigma. Conclusion: Overall, the prevalence of perceived stigma was found to be high. Marital status, long duration of illness and seizure frequency were factors associated with perceived stigma

Effective Clinical Teaching Behaviors Views of Nursing Students and Nurse Educators at University of Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia: Cross-Sectional Institution Based Study

Introduction: Clinical teaching behavior is a critical determinant for quality of clinical learning. Nursing students’ and instructor’s perception of effective clinical teaching behavior (ECTB) is important to modify and facilitate clinical education. Thus, the main purpose of this study was to assess the effective clinical teaching behavior (ECTB) as perceived by students and nursing instructors. Methods: Facility based cross-sectional descriptive study design was conducted among 178 participants. Data were collected using pre-tested and self-administered questionnaire. Effective clinical teaching behaviors were measured by Nursing Clinical Teacher Effectiveness Inventory. Data were analyzed using descriptive and independent sample t-test. An adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval computed to determine the level of significance. Results: The most important rated ECTB as perceived by students was teaching ability. For instructors, nursing competences was the most rated ECTB. The overall mean of ECTBs of the students and instructors were 4.26 (0.52) and 3.52 (0.74) respectively. There was statistically significant mean difference between them (t = 5.888). Conclusion: There was a statistically significant mean difference between the students' and instructors’ perception of ECTBs. Thus, authors suggest nursing instructors to consider the presence of students who prefers different teaching methods

Work Interruption Experienced by Nurses during Medication Administration Process and Associated Factors, Northwest Ethiopia

Background. During medication administration process, including preparation, administration, and documentation, there is high proportion of work interruption that results in medication administration errors that consequently affect the safety of patients. Thus, the main purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of work interruption and associated factors during medication administration process. Methods. A prospective, observation-based, cross-sectional study was conducted on 278 nurses. Structure observational sheet was utilized to collect data. EPI Info version 3.5.3 and SPSS version 20 software were utilized for data entry and analysis, respectively. Binary and multivariable logistic regression were fitted to identify the associated factors using an odds ratio and 95% CI. Results. The incidence of work interruption was found to be 1,152 during medication administration process. Of this, 579 (50.3%) were major/severe work interruptions. Unit of work, day of the week, professional experience, perceived severity of work interruption, source/initiator of interruption, and secondary tasks were factors significantly associated with major work interruptions at p<0.05. Conclusion. In this study, more than half of work interruption was major/severe. Thus, the authors suggest raising the awareness of nurses regarding the severity of work interruptions, with special attention to those who have lower work experience, sources of interruption, and secondary tasks by assigning additional nurses who manage secondary tasks and supportive supervision

Perceived Stigma and Associated Factors among People with Schizophrenia at Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Institution Based Study

Background. While effective treatments are available for people with schizophrenia, presence of perceived stigma prevents them from accessing and receiving the help they need to get. Objectives. To assess the prevalence and associated factors of perceived stigma among people with schizophrenia attending the Outpatient Department of Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods. Institution based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 411 subjects using an Amharic version of the perceived devaluation and discrimination scale. Single population proportion formula was used to calculate sample size. Subjects were selected by systematic sampling techniques. Binary logistic regression and odds ratio with 95% confidence interval were used to identify the association factors of outcome variables. Results. A total of 411 subjects participated in the study giving a response rate of 97.4%. The prevalence of perceived stigma was found to be 83.5%. Education status (not able to read and write) (AOR = 2.64, 95% CI: 1.118, 6.227), difficulties of adherence to antipsychotic drug (AOR = 4.49, 95% CI: 2.309, 8.732), and duration of illness less than one year (AOR = 3.48, 95% CI: 2.238, 5.422) were factors associated with perceived stigma. Conclusion. Overall, the prevalence of perceived stigma was found to be high. Education status (not able to read and write), difficulties of adherence to antipsychotic medication, and duration of illness were factors associated with perceived stigma. Adherence to antipsychotic medication particularly during the early stage of the illness and strengthening the educational status of the participants were suggested in the clinical care setting

Perceived Stigma and Associated Factors among People with Schizophrenia at Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Institution Based Study

Background. While effective treatments are available for people with schizophrenia, presence of perceived stigma prevents them from accessing and receiving the help they need to get. Objectives. To assess the prevalence and associated factors of perceived stigma among people with schizophrenia attending the Outpatient Department of Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods. Institution based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 411 subjects using an Amharic version of the perceived devaluation and discrimination scale. Single population proportion formula was used to calculate sample size. Subjects were selected by systematic sampling techniques. Binary logistic regression and odds ratio with 95% confidence interval were used to identify the association factors of outcome variables. Results. A total of 411 subjects participated in the study giving a response rate of 97.4%. The prevalence of perceived stigma was found to be 83.5%. Education status (not able to read and write) (AOR=2.64, 95% CI: 1.118, 6.227), difficulties of adherence to antipsychotic drug (AOR=4.49, 95% CI: 2.309, 8.732), and duration of illness less than one year (AOR=3.48, 95% CI: 2.238, 5.422) were factors associated with perceived stigma. Conclusion. Overall, the prevalence of perceived stigma was found to be high. Education status (not able to read and write), difficulties of adherence to antipsychotic medication, and duration of illness were factors associated with perceived stigma. Adherence to antipsychotic medication particularly during the early stage of the illness and strengthening the educational status of the participants were suggested in the clinical care setting

Prevalence and factors associated with road traffic incident among adolescents and children in the hospitals of Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia

Abstract Background Road Traffic Incident (RTI) has been commonly reported as a major public health problem around the world and the incidence is higher in low and middle income countries, such as Ethiopia than high income countries. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and factors associated with RTI among adolescents and children in the hospitals of Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study design was employed among 830 injured children visiting the Emergency Department of four randomly selected hospitals of Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia between February 1 and April 30, 2016. Data were entered into EPI info version 7 and then exported to SPSS version 20, for further analysis. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were fitted. Adjusted odds ratio with its 95% confidence interval was used to determine the statistical significance. Results The overall prevalence of RTI, from all injury cases, was 20%. Socioeconomic status, being wealthy (AOR: 0.08, 95% CI, 0.01, 0.45) and middle income (AOR: 0.40,95% CI, 0.17, 0.97), parental/guardian education/no education (AOR: 6.91, 95% CI, 2.52, 8.93), mothers marital status/divorced (AOR: 0.01, 95% CI, 0.01, 0.05), and leaving a child with another child for sometime (AOR: 2.56, CI 1.06, 6.20) and most often (AOR: 4.77, CI, 1.15, 9.77) were factors independently associated with RTI . Conclusion and recommendation The prevalence of RTI was found to be high. RTI prevention needs critical consideration and the intervention strategies shall focus on those families who are practicing of leaving a child with another child