The effect of incidence angle on the overall three-dimensional aerodynamic performance of a classical annular airfoil cascade

To be of quantitative value to the designer and analyst, it is necessary to experimentally verify the flow modeling and the numerics inherent in calculation codes being developed to predict the three dimensional flow through turbomachine blade rows. This experimental verification requires that predicted flow fields be correlated with three dimensional data obtained in experiments which model the fundamental phenomena existing in the flow passages of modern turbomachines. The Purdue Annular Cascade Facility was designed specifically to provide these required three dimensional data. The overall three dimensional aerodynamic performance of an instrumented classical airfoil cascade was determined over a range of incidence angle values. This was accomplished utilizing a fully automated exit flow data acquisition and analysis system. The mean wake data, acquired at two downstream axial locations, were analyzed to determine the effect of incidence angle, the three dimensionality of the cascade exit flow field, and the similarity of the wake profiles. The hub, mean, and tip chordwise airfoil surface static pressure distributions determined at each incidence angle are correlated with predictions from the MERIDL and TSONIC computer codes

Experiential Education Through the Vis Moot

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Corporations - Reclassification of Securities as a Purchase Under Section 16 (B) of the Securities and Exchange Act

Plaintiff, a minority stockholder in the Old Town Corporation, brought action on behalf of the corporation to recover alleged shortswing profits made by defendants, who were officers, directors and large shareholders of Old Town, on the sale of 45.9 percent of the outstanding stock of the corporation. The corporation had, with the approval of 78 percent of the owners in interest, reclassified the 320,402 outstanding shares of $5 par common stock as 320,402 shares of$1 par common and 320,402 shares of 40¢ cumulative preferred stock of $7 par value. This reclassification was done for the frank purpose of increasing the market value and salability of defendants\u27 interest so that the defendants could sell their holdings. Within six months of the reclassification defendants sold both the new common stock and the preferred stock. Held, the reclassification was not a purchase so as to bring it within the scope of section 16(b) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934. Roberts v. Eaton, (2d Cir. 1954) 212 F. (2d) 82, cert. den. 348 U.S. 827, 75 S.Ct. 44 (1954)

Descent and Distribution - Effect of Advancements, Debts and Releases When Expectant Distributee Predeceases Intestate

The law of advancements is part of the law of intestate succession. But the right of retainer, which allows an offset against a distributee\u27s share of the estate for a debt owed by the distributee to the decedent, is merely a method of debt collection and historically has not been considered as a part of the law of inheritance. For this and other reasons, the law applicable to advancements in this situation is better treated separately from that concerning debts of predeceased expectant heirs. There are also sufficient differences between the treatment given a release and that of either an advancement or a debt to warrant separate discussion

Corporations - Securities Regulation - Material Misstatements of Omissions of Fact Under the Securities Act of 1933

Plaintiff sued for rescission of his purchase of stock in a corporation under section 12 (2) of the Securities Act of 1933 (hereafter referred to as the act) alleging a material misleading statement of fact in the prospectus. The alleged misstatement was that defendant was an underwriter (as defined pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933 as amended). No further explanation of defendant\u27s status and consequent obligation was made in the prospectus. Defendant had agreed in fact to be only a best efforts underwriter. The trial court found that the statement was misleading and material. On appeal, held, affirmed. Defendant\u27s statement conveyed the impression that he had made a firm commitment to dispose of the entire issue. Dale v. Rosenfeld, (2d Cir. 1956) 229 F. (2d) 855

Patents - Licensing - Legality of Grant-Back Clauses

There is no authoritative definition of the term patent grant-back. It has been defined as a clause in a patent license which provides for license or assignment to the licensor of any improvement patented by the licensee in the products or processes of the licensed patent. In litigated cases grant-back clauses usually appear either in basic patent licenses or in licenses of the products or processes of an industry which the licensor dominates through control of a multitude of overlapping patents

Iterated local search for the placement of wildland fire suppression resources

We consider the problem of, given a landscape represented by a gridded network and a fire ignition location, deciding where to locate the available fire suppression resources to minimise the burned area and the number of deployed resources as a secondary objective. We assume an estimate of the fire propagation times between adjacent nodes and use the minimum travel time principle to model the fire propagation at a landscape-level. The effect of locating a resource in a node is that it becomes protected and the fire propagation to its unburned adjacent nodes is delayed. Therefore, the problem is to identify the most promising nodes to locate the resources, which is solved by a novel iterated local search (ILS) metaheuristic. A mixed integer programming (MIP) model from the literature is used to validate the proposed method in 32 grid networks with sizes 6x6, 10x10, 20x20 and 30x30, with two different number of fire suppression resources (64 problems). Our ILS produced optimal solutions in 40 cases out of 41 known optimal lower bounds. The proposed method’s effectiveness is also due to its short computing times and small coefficients of variation of the objective function values. We also provide a categorised literature review on fire suppression deterministic optimisation models, from which we conclude that approximate collaborative approaches seldom have been applied in the past and, according to the results obtained, can successfully address the complexity of fire suppression, reaching good quality solutions even for large scale instances.This work has been supported by FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia within the R&D Units Project Scope UIDB/00319/2020 and within project PCIF/GRF/0141/2019 “O3F - An Optimization Framework to Reduce Forest Fire”. This paper has greatly benefit ted from the insights and suggestions of anonymous reviewers on an earlier version of the pape

Proteins altered by elevated levels of palmitate or glucose implicated in impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by aberrant insulin secretory patterns, where elevated insulin levels at non-stimulatory basal conditions and reduced hormonal levels at stimulatory conditions are major components. To delineate mechanisms responsible for these alterations we cultured INS-1E cells for 48 hours at 20 mM glucose in absence or presence of 0.5 mM palmitate, when stimulatory secretion of insulin was reduced or basal secretion was elevated, respectively.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>After culture, cells were protein profiled by SELDI-TOF-MS and 2D-PAGE. Differentially expressed proteins were discovered and identified by peptide mass fingerprinting. Complimentary protein profiles were obtained by the two approaches with SELDI-TOF-MS being more efficient in separating proteins in the low molecular range and 2D-PAGE in the high molecular range. Identified proteins included alpha glucosidase, calmodulin, gars, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A3, lon peptidase, nicotineamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogen (NADH) dehydrogenase, phosphoglycerate kinase, proteasome p45, rab2, pyruvate kinase and t-complex protein. The observed glucose-induced differential protein expression pattern indicates enhanced glucose metabolism, defense against reactive oxygen species, enhanced protein translation, folding and degradation and decreased insulin granular formation and trafficking. Palmitate-induced changes could be related to altered exocytosis.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The identified altered proteins indicate mechanism important for altered β-cell function in T2DM.</p