La historia como forma existencial del hombre

Historia; tradición; progreso; historicidad; filosofía de la historia; teología revelada

Evidence for mantle exhumation since the early evolution of the slow-spreading Gakkel Ridge, Arctic Ocean

We study the basement configuration in the slow-spreading Eurasia Basin, Arctic Ocean. Two multichannel seismic (MCS) profiles, which we acquired during ice-free conditions with a 3600 m long streamer, image the transition from the North Barents Sea Margin into the southern Eurasia Basin. The seismic lines resolve the up to 5000 m thick sedimentary section, as well as the crustal architecture of the southern Eurasia Basin along 120 km and 170 km, respectively. The seismic data show large faulted and rotated basement blocks. Gravity modeling indicates a thin basement with a thickness of 1–3 km and a density of 2.8*103 kg/m3 between the base of the sediments and the top of the mantle, which indicates exhumed and serpentinized mantle. The Gakkel spreading ridge, located in northern prolongation of the seismic lines is characterized by an amagmatic or sparsely magmatic segment. From the structural similarity between the basement close to the ultra-slow spreading ridge and our study area, we conclude that the basement in the Eurasia Basin is predominantly formed by exhumed and serpentinized mantle, with magmatic additions. An initial strike-slip movement of the Lomonosov Ridge along the North Barents Sea Margin and subsequent near-orthogonal opening of the Nansen Basin is supposed to have brought mantle material to the surface, which was serpentinized during this process. Continuous spreading thinned the serpentinized mantle and subsequent normal faulting produced distinct basement blocks. We propose that mantle exhumation has likely been active since the opening of the Eurasia Basin

Therapist effects on treatment outcome in psychotherapy : a multilevel modelling analysis

Objectives: This study investigated specific and nonspecific therapeutic factors by focusing on therapist effects on treatment outcome. Methods: Psychotherapists (n = 68) from 10 types of psychotherapy treating 237 patients in an effectiveness study were investigated with regard to their contribution to treatment outcome. Factor scores from a factor analysis of the change scores in all outcome measures were cluster analysed in order to generate clusters of differently effective therapists. Results: Two clusters of differently effective therapists emerged. A fixed effects model revealed a significant impact of differential therapist effectiveness on treatment outcome. In addition to therapists’ differential effectiveness, also nonspecific factors such as patients severity of psychological problems predicted treatment outcome significantly. Treatment concepts did not impact therapists’ effectiveness. Conclusions: The results of this study support the view that there are differently effective therapists, but that patient characteristics also contribute significantly to the course of a psychotherapeutic treatment, independently of therapist