172 research outputs found

    Sensitivity analysis of a hierarchical qualitative model – the analysis of MASC

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    AbstractSensitivity Analysis (SA) is applied to a hierarchical qualitative model built to assess the sustainability of cropping systems. Three approaches were tested to perform a first-order SA on such a model, assuming a fixed model structure and no correlation among input variables: (i) factorial designs combined with analysis of variance (ANOVA), (ii) conditional probabilities, (iii) Monte Carlo sampling (MC). If the complete factorial design is too large to be computed, MC and conditional probabilities represent efficient alternatives to perform an analysis of the overall qualitative model. Conditional probabilities exploit the hierarchical structure of the model to give exact first-order indices, while MC could be a more flexible approach for the introduction of correlations among variables. We discuss how such SA results can guide modellers and end-users in modelling and application phases

    Adaptation d'un modÚle de culture et conception d'un modÚle de décision pour la gestion conjointe de l'irrigation et de la fertilisation azotée du blé dur

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    Les changements de contexte Ă©conomique, rĂ©glementaire et environnementaux auxquels la production agricole doit faire face nĂ©cessitent d'Ă©valuer de nouvelles stratĂ©gies de gestion conjointe de l'irrigation et de la fertilisation pour blĂ© dur. Le travail de thĂšse a suivi un double objectif : i) adapter le modĂšle de culture STICS Ă  diffĂ©rents cultivars de blĂ© dur, et ii) concevoir un modĂšle de dĂ©cision des pratiques de fertilisation azotĂ©e et d'irrigation. Une base de donnĂ©es comportant 373 traitements expĂ©rimentaux issus de douze annĂ©es climatiques a Ă©tĂ© constituĂ©e Ă  partir d'expĂ©rimentations rĂ©alisĂ©es avant la thĂšse Ă  l'INRA et ARVALIS puis mobilisĂ©e pour conduire le travail d'adaptation et d'Ă©valuation du modĂšle de culture. L'adaptation du modĂšle de culture a consistĂ© dans un premier temps en un travail d'estimation de paramĂštres par optimisation mathĂ©matique pour sept cultivars de blĂ© dur. Une analyse comparative de trois dĂ©marches a permis de sĂ©lectionner la dĂ©marche pertinente pour obtenir un modĂšle prĂ©cis et robuste pour la simulation du rendement, de la teneur en azote des grains et des variables intermĂ©diaires (Biomasse aĂ©rienne, surface foliaire, quantitĂ© d'azote absorbĂ©e) dans diffĂ©rents contextes pĂ©do-climatiques (large gamme de niveaux de nutrition hydrique et azotĂ©e). Cette Ă©tude fournit un cadre mĂ©thodologique pour l'estimation des paramĂštres des modĂšles de culture. Les rĂ©sultats de ce travail ont de plus dĂ©montrĂ© que le modĂšle de culture, avec son formalisme initial, n'Ă©tait pas sensible Ă  l'effet du fractionnement de la fertilisation sur la quantitĂ© d'azote et la teneur en azote des grains. L'adaptation est apprĂ©hendĂ©e dans un deuxiĂšme temps par la modification du formalisme d'accumulation de l'azote dans les grains par l'introduction d'un formalisme inspirĂ© du modĂšle AZODYN. La modification n'a pas amĂ©liorĂ© suffisamment la sensibilitĂ© du modĂšle Ă  l'effet du fractionnement sur la teneur en azote des grains. Le manque de donnĂ©es expĂ©rimentales en phase post-floraison et notamment la dynamique de la sĂ©nescence foliaire n'a pas permis d'amĂ©liorer la capacitĂ© du modĂšle de culture Ă  simuler les processus d'absorption d'azote du sol aprĂšs la floraison. A partir d'une enquĂȘte auprĂšs de 29 irrigants de blĂ© dur, les pratiques et les stratĂ©gies de fertilisation azotĂ©e et d'irrigation, ainsi que les dĂ©cisions stratĂ©giques et tactiques ont Ă©tĂ© identifiĂ©es et formalisĂ©es dans un modĂšle de dĂ©cision. Une Ă©valuation de stratĂ©gies conçues sur la base des rĂ©sultats d'enquĂȘtes est proposĂ©e comme illustration de l'utilisation du modĂšle STICS adaptĂ© au blĂ© dur et du modĂšle de dĂ©cision formalisĂ©. Le couplage informatique du modĂšle de culture STICS au modĂšle de dĂ©cision permettra de disposer d'un modĂšle bio-dĂ©cisionnel et ainsi pourra ĂȘtre utilisĂ© pour concevoir et Ă©valuer des stratĂ©gies de gestion conjointe de l'irrigation et de la fertilisation azotĂ©e du blĂ© dur adaptĂ©es au contexte des exploitations agricolesChanges in economic, regulatory and environmental context of agricultural production raise the need for research to evaluate and propose new strategies for joint management of irrigation and fertilization for durum wheat. The thesis had two objectives: i) adapting the simulation crop model STICS to different durum wheat cultivars, and ii) designing a decision model for nitrogen fertilization and irrigation practices. A database containing 373 experimental treatments carried out by INRA and ARVALIS before this PhD work was established and mobilized to conduct the adaptation and the evaluation of crop model. The adaptation of the crop model was first conducted through durum wheat parameter estimation by mathematical optimization. A comparative analysis of three approaches was conducted to select an appropriate approach to obtain an accurate and robust crop model for the simulation of grain yield, grain nitrogen content and intermediate variables (biomass, leaf area, amount of nitrogen absorbed) in different soil and climatic conditions. This study provided a methodological framework for crop models parameters estimation. The results of this study showed that the crop model, with its original formalism, was not sensitive to the effect of splitting of fertilization on the grain nitrogen content and protein concentration. The adaptation was then conducted through the modification of the formalism of nitrogen accumulation in grains by introducing a formalism inspired the AZODYN crop model. The modification did not significantly improve the model's sensitivity to the effect of N splitting on the nitrogen content of grain. The results of this study call into question the ability of crop model to simulate the absorption process of nitrogen after flowering. Unfortunately the lack of data concerning post-flowering leaf area dynmaics did not allow improving the model. From a survey of 29 irrigators, practices and strategies of nitrogen fertilization and irrigation, as well as strategic and tactical decisions have been identified and formalized in a decision model. An evaluation of strategies based on survey results is given as an illustration of the potential use of the STICS soil-crop model and the decision rules identified and formalised. The coupling of the crop model to the model decision will allow proposing and evaluating strategies adapted to the farm context for joint management of irrigation and nitrogen fertilization of durum wheatTOULOUSE-INP (315552154) / SudocSudocFranceF

    La prospective " Grande Culture " du projet PROUESSES : approche statistique de l'Ă©volution des surfaces en maĂŻs

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    autre publicationLes surfaces agricoles diminuent en Midi‐PyrĂ©nĂ©es. Pour la culture de maĂŻs irriguĂ©, quelle est la localisation de ces changements ? Quelle est l'ampleur de l'Ă©volution ? Quelles variables permettent d'expliciter ces variations ? Ce focus prĂ©sente une analyse de l'Ă©volution rĂ©cente des surfaces en maĂŻs irriguĂ© Ă  partir de bases de donnĂ©es statistiques rĂ©gionales. Des mĂ©thodes d'analyses multivariĂ©es et de classification sont utilisĂ©es. Six profils de cantons ont Ă©tĂ© identifiĂ©s sur Midi‐PyrĂ©nĂ©es, validant ainsi l'hypothĂšse de localisation du changement dans les assolements. La proximitĂ© Ă  un pĂŽle urbain intervient trĂšs fortement dans l'Ă©volution de ces cantons

    From farm, landscape and territory analysis to scenario exercise: an educational programme on participatory integrated analysis

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    Tools and methodologies have been developed to enable integrated analysis (IA) of complex issues like agro‐ecosystems and natural resources management. They are based on interdisciplinary and often on participatory approaches combining, interpreting and communicating knowledge from diverse scientific disciplines and from stakeholders. In this paper we present the original educational programme built to enable students in agronomy to implement participatory IA methods in order to deal with sustainability issues in rural territory. In this educational programme students take a professional project management situation on a given case study. One of the originality of the course programme lies in its twofold objectives: building student capacities for carrying out integrated multi‐scale analysis of complex systems and providing researchers with an operational research device which facilitates the integrated analysis of new study territories. The educational programme articulates trips in the case study region and formation modules on project management, farming systems sustainability assessment, landscape multifunctionality analysis, stakeholder analysis and interviews, territorial diagnosis and narrative scenario construction. The main objectives and methods used in these modules are presented and discussed in the light of the outcomes of the implementation of this educational programme. Discussion is focused on the main educational and research issues of this programme
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