5,707 research outputs found
Geometric Aspects of Ambrosetti-Prodi operators with Lipschitz nonlinearities
For Dirichlet boundary conditions on a bounded domain, what happens to the
critical set of the Ambrosetti-Prodi operator if the nonlinearity is only a
Lipschitz map? It turns out that many properties which hold in the smooth case
are preserved, despite of the fact that the operator is not even differentiable
at some points. In particular, a global Lyapunov-Schmidt decomposition of great
convenience for numerical inversion is still available
Higgs boson enhancement effects on squark-pair production at the LHC
We study the Higgs boson effects on third-generation squark-pair production
in proton-proton collision at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC), including
\Stop \Stop^*, \Stop\Sbot^*, and \Sbot \Sbot^*. We found that substantial
enhancement can be obtained through s-channel exchanges of Higgs bosons at
large , at which the enhancement mainly comes from , , and initial states. We compute the complete set of electroweak
(EW) contributions to all production channels. This completes previous
computations in the literature. We found that the EW contributions can be
significant and can reach up to 25% in more general scenarios and at the
resonance of the heavy Higgs boson. The size of Higgs enhancement is comparable
or even higher than the PDF uncertainties and so must be included in any
reliable analysis. A full analytical computation of all the EW contributions is
presented.Comment: 23 pages, 7 figures, 1 tabl
Fermion Masses in Emergent Electroweak Symmetry Breaking
We consider the generation of fermion masses in an emergent model of
electroweak symmetry breaking with composite gauge bosons. A universal
bulk fermion profile in a warped extra dimension is used for all fermion
flavors. Electroweak symmetry is broken at the UV (or Planck) scale where
boundary mass terms are added to generate the fermion flavor structure. This
leads to flavor-dependent nonuniversality in the gauge couplings. The effects
are suppressed for the light fermion generations but are enhanced for the top
quark where the and couplings can deviate at the
level in the minimal setup. By the AdS/CFT correspondence our model
implies that electroweak symmetry is not a fundamental gauge symmetry. Instead
the Standard Model with massive fermions and gauge bosons is an effective
chiral Lagrangian for some underlying confining strong dynamics at the TeV
scale, where mass is generated without a Higgs mechanism.Comment: modified discussion in Sec 3.1, version published in JHE
Substrate-induced band gap opening in epitaxial graphene
Graphene has shown great application potentials as the host material for next
generation electronic devices. However, despite its intriguing properties, one
of the biggest hurdles for graphene to be useful as an electronic material is
its lacking of an energy gap in the electronic spectra. This, for example,
prevents the use of graphene in making transistors. Although several proposals
have been made to open a gap in graphene's electronic spectra, they all require
complex engineering of the graphene layer. Here we show that when graphene is
epitaxially grown on the SiC substrate, a gap of ~ 0.26 is produced. This gap
decreases as the sample thickness increases and eventually approaches zero when
the number of layers exceeds four. We propose that the origin of this gap is
the breaking of sublattice symmetry owing to the graphene-substrate
interaction. We believe our results highlight a promising direction for band
gap engineering of graphene.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures; updated reference
Atherogenic Lipid Stress Induces Platelet Hyperactivity Through CD36-Mediated Hyposensitivity To Prostacyclin-; The Role Of Phosphodiesterase 3A
Prostacyclin (PGI2) controls platelet activation and thrombosis through a cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signalling cascade. However, in patients with cardiovascular diseases this protective mechanism fails for reasons that are unclear. Using both pharmacological and genetic approaches we describe a mechanism by which oxidised low density lipoproteins (oxLDL) associated with dyslipidaemia promote platelet activation through impaired PGI2 sensitivity and diminished cAMP signalling. In functional assays using human platelets, oxLDL modulated the inhibitory effects of PGI2, but not a PDE-insensitive cAMP analogue, on platelet aggregation, granule secretion and in vitro thrombosis. Examination of the mechanism revealed that oxLDL promoted the hydrolysis of cAMP through the phosphorylation and activation of phosphodiesterase 3A (PDE3A), leading to diminished cAMP signalling. PDE3A activation by oxLDL required Src family kinases, Syk and protein kinase C. The effects of oxLDL on platelet function and cAMP signalling were blocked by pharmacological inhibition of CD36, mimicked by CD36-specific oxidised phospholipids and ablated in CD36-/- murine platelets. The injection of oxLDL into wild type mice strongly promoted FeCl3 induced carotid thrombosis in vivo, which was prevented by pharmacological inhibition of PDE3A. Furthermore, blood from dyslipidaemic mice was associated with increased oxidative lipid stress, reduced platelet sensitivity to PGI2 ex vivo and diminished PKA signalling. In contrast, platelet sensitivity to a PDE-resistant cAMP analogue remained normal. Genetic deletion of CD36, protected dyslipidaemic animals from PGI2 hyposensitivity and restored PKA signalling. These data suggest that CD36 can translate atherogenic lipid stress into platelet hyperactivity through modulation of inhibitory cAMP signalling.
Discovery potential of top-partners in a realistic composite Higgs model with early LHC data
Composite Higgs models provide a natural, non-supersymmetric solution to the
hierarchy problem. In these models, one or more sets of heavy top-partners are
typically introduced. Some of these new quarks can be relatively light, with a
mass of a few hundred GeV, and could be observed with the early LHC collision
data expected to be collected during 2010. We analyse in detail the collider
signatures that these new quarks can produce. We show that final states with
two (same-sign) or three leptons are the most promising discovery channels.
They can yield a 5 sigma excess over the Standard Model expectation already
with the 2010 LHC collision data. Exotic quarks of charge 5/3 are a distinctive
feature of this model. We present a new method to reconstruct their masses from
their leptonic decay without relying on jets in the final state.Comment: 28 pages 11 Figures 7 Tables, minor changes, added references,
matches published versio
Supersymmetric Higgs Yukawa Couplings to Bottom Quarks at next-to-next-to-leading Order
The effective bottom Yukawa couplings are analyzed for the minimal
supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model at two-loop accuracy within
SUSY-QCD. They include the resummation of the dominant corrections for large
values of tg(beta). In particular the two-loop SUSY-QCD corrections to the
leading SUSY-QCD and top-induced SUSY-electroweak contributions are addressed.
The residual theoretical uncertainties range at the per-cent level.Comment: 25 pages, 9 figures, added comments and references, typos corrected,
results unchanged, published versio
Domain Mapping and Deep Learning from Multiple MRI Clinical Datasets for Prediction of Molecular Subtypes in Low Grade Gliomas
Brain tumors, such as low grade gliomas (LGG), are molecularly classified which require the surgical collection of tissue samples. The pre-surgical or non-operative identification of LGG molecular type could improve patient counseling and treatment decisions. However, radiographic approaches to LGG molecular classification are currently lacking, as clinicians are unable to reliably predict LGG molecular type using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies. Machine learning approaches may improve the prediction of LGG molecular classification through MRI, however, the development of these techniques requires large annotated data sets. Merging clinical data from different hospitals to increase case numbers is needed, but the use of different scanners and settings can affect the results and simply combining them into a large dataset often have a significant negative impact on performance. This calls for efficient domain adaption methods. Despite some previous studies on domain adaptations, mapping MR images from different datasets to a common domain without affecting subtitle molecular-biomarker information has not been reported yet. In this paper, we propose an effective domain adaptation method based on Cycle Generative Adversarial Network (CycleGAN). The dataset is further enlarged by augmenting more MRIs using another GAN approach. Further, to tackle the issue of brain tumor segmentation that requires time and anatomical expertise to put exact boundary around the tumor, we have used a tight bounding box as a strategy. Finally, an efficient deep feature learning method, multi-stream convolutional autoencoder (CAE) and feature fusion, is proposed for the prediction of molecular subtypes (1p/19q-codeletion and IDH mutation). The experiments were conducted on a total of 161 patients consisting of FLAIR and T1 weighted with contrast enhanced (T1ce) MRIs from two different institutions in the USA and France. The proposed scheme is shown to achieve the test accuracy of\ua074.81%\ua0on 1p/19q codeletion and\ua081.19%\ua0on IDH mutation, with marked improvement over the results obtained without domain mapping. This approach is also shown to have comparable performance to several state-of-the-art methods
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