49,880 research outputs found
New Origin For Spin Current And Current-Induced Spin Precession In Magnetic Multilayers
In metallic ferromagnets, an electric current is accompanied by a flux of
angula r momentum, also called spin current. In multilayers, spatial variations
of the spin current correspond to drive torques exerted on a magnetic layer.
These torq ues result in spin precession above a certain current threshold. The
usual kind of spin current is associated with translation of the spin-up and
spin-down Ferm i surfaces in momentum space. We discuss a different kind of
spin current, assoc iated with expansion and contraction of the Fermi surfaces.
It is more nonlocal in nature, and may exist even in locations where the
electrical current density is zero. It is larger than the usual spin current,
in a ratio of 10 or 100, and is dominant in most cases. The new spin current is
proportional to the differenc e Delta-mu = 0.001 eV between spin-up and
spin-down Fermi levels, averaged over the entire Fermi surface. Conduction
processes, spin relaxation, and spin-wave emission in the multilayer can be
described by an equivalent electrical circuit resembling an unbalanced dc
Wheatstone bridge. And Delta-mu corresponds to the output voltage of the
bridge.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures. To appear in J. Appl. Phys., vol. 89, May 15,
200
Spitzer Observations of Gamma-Ray Burst Host Galaxies: A Unique Window into High Redshift Chemical Evolution and Star-formation
We present deep Spitzer 3.6 micron observations of three z~5 GRB host
galaxies. Our observations reveal that z~5 GRB hosts are a factor of 3 less
luminous than the median rest-frame V-band luminosity of spectroscopically
confirmed z~5 galaxies in the GOODS fields and the UDF. The strong connection
between GRBs and massive star formation implies that not all star-forming
galaxies at these redshifts are currently being accounted for in deep surveys
and GRBs provide a unique way to measure the contribution to the star-formation
rate density from galaxies at the faint end of the galaxy luminosity function.
By correlating the co-moving star-formation rate density with co-moving GRB
rates at lower redshifts, we estimate a lower limit to the star-formation rate
density of 0.12+/-0.09 and 0.09+/-0.05 M_sun/yr/Mpc^3 at z~4.5 and z~6,
respectively. Finally, we provide evidence that the average metallicity of
star-forming galaxies evolves as (stellar mass density)^(0.69+/-0.17) between
and , probably indicative of the loss of a significant
fraction of metals to the intergalactic medium, particularly in low-mass
galaxies.Comment: ApJ, in pres
Electron beam induced radio emission from ultracool dwarfs
We present the numerical simulations for an electron-beam-driven and
loss-cone-driven electron-cyclotron maser (ECM) with different plasma
parameters and different magnetic field strengths for a relatively small region
and short time-scale in an attempt to interpret the recent discovered intense
radio emission from ultracool dwarfs. We find that a large amount of
electromagnetic field energy can be effectively released from the beam-driven
ECM, which rapidly heats the surrounding plasma. A rapidly developed
high-energy tail of electrons in velocity space (resulting from the heating
process of the ECM) may produce the radio continuum depending on the initial
strength of the external magnetic field and the electron beam current. Both
significant linear polarization and circular polarization of electromagnetic
waves can be obtained from the simulations. The spectral energy distributions
of the simulated radio waves show that harmonics may appear from 10 to
70 ( is the electron plasma frequency) in the
non-relativistic case and from 10 to 600 in the relativistic
case, which makes it difficult to find the fundamental cyclotron frequency in
the observed radio frequencies. A wide frequency band should therefore be
covered by future radio observations.Comment: 10 pages, 19 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical
Journa
Reduced Density-Matrix Functional Theory: correlation and spectroscopy
In this work we explore the performance of approximations to electron
correlation in reduced density-matrix functional theory (RDMFT) and of
approximations to the observables calculated within this theory. Our analysis
focuses on the calculation of total energies, occupation numbers,
removal/addition energies, and spectral functions. We use the exactly solvable
Hubbard molecule at 1/4 and 1/2 filling as test systems. This allows us to
analyze the underlying physics and to elucidate the origin of the observed
trends. For comparison we also report the results of the approximation,
where the self-energy functional is approximated, but no further hypothesis are
made concerning the approximations of the observables. In particular we focus
on the atomic limit, where the two sites of the molecule are pulled apart and
electrons localize on either site with equal probability, unless a small
perturbation is present: this is the regime of strong electron correlation. In
this limit, using the Hubbard molecule at 1/2 filling with or without a
spin-symmetry-broken ground state, allows us to explore how degeneracies and
spin-symmetry breaking are treated in RDMFT. We find that, within the used
approximations, neither in RDMFT nor in the signature of strong
correlation are present in the spin-singlet ground state, whereas both give the
exact result for the spin-symmetry broken case. Moreover we show how the
spectroscopic properties change from one spin structure to the other. Our
findings can be generalized to other situations, which allows us to make
connections to real materials and experiment
Dynamical electroweak symmetry breaking with superheavy quarks and 2+1 composite Higgs model
Recently, a new class of models describing the quark mass hierarchy has been
introduced. In this class, while the t quark plays a minor role in electroweak
symmetry breaking (EWSB), it is crucial in providing the quark mass hierarchy.
In this paper, we analyze the dynamics of a particular model in this class, in
which the b' and t' quarks of the fourth family are mostly responsible for
dynamical EWSB. The low energy effective theory in this model is derived. It
has a clear signature, a 2 + 1 structure of composite Higgs doublets: two
nearly degenerate \Phi_{b'} and \Phi_{t'}, and a heavier top-Higgs resonance
\Phi_t \sim \bar{t}_{R}(t,b)_L. The properties of these composites are
described in detail, and it is shown that the model satisfies the electroweak
precision data constraints. The signatures of these composites at the Large
Hadron Collider are briefly discussed.Comment: 17 pages, 3 figures; v.2: references and clarifications added: PRD
versio
Spin Dependence of Massive Lepton Pair Production in Proton-Proton Collisions
We calculate the transverse momentum distribution for the production of
massive lepton-pairs in longitudinally polarized proton-proton reactions at
collider energies within the context of perturbative quantum chromodynamics.
For values of the transverse momentum Q_T greater than roughly half the pair
mass Q, Q_T > Q/2, we show that the differential cross section is dominated by
subprocesses initiated by incident gluons, provided that the polarized gluon
density is not too small. Massive lepton-pair differential cross sections
should be a good source of independent constraints on the polarized gluon
density, free from the experimental and theoretical complications of photon
isolation that beset studies of prompt photon production. We provide
predictions for the spin-averaged and spin-dependent differential cross
sections as a function of Q_T at energies relevant for the Relativistic Heavy
Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven, and we compare these with predictions for
real prompt photon production.Comment: 34 pages, RevTeX including 17 figures in .ps file
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