Economic Evaluation of Renewable Fuels through Pollutants Derived from Internal Combustion Engine

Renewable fuels cannot be evaluated clearly as a part of sustainability from their air pollution point of view. A comparison test series have been conducted and from their results external cost has been calculated. Three different fuels and their controlled blends have been investigated, which are the fossil diesel, conventional, standardized biodiesel, and a new type, so called TBK-biodiesel. Fuels have been investigated in a bus Diesel-engine, which operated in steady state points. Air pollution components like CO2, CO, HC, NOx and particulate have been taken into consideration for the calculation. The calculation method is a self-made one. On the basis of the results it can be stated that the overall external costs are higher in all cases of engine operating if renewable fuel is blended in the tested fuel

Study of γ-Valerolactone as a Diesel Blend: Engine Performance and Emission Characteristics

γ-valerolactone (GVL) is a C5-cyclic ester that can be produced from biomass providing a potentially renewable fuel for transportation and feedstock for the chemical industry. Experiments were performed with fossil diesel (D), D + biodiesel (BD) and D + BD + GVL blends. A four cylinder, turbocharged direct injection diesel engine was used for the tests. The engine was coupled to a dynamometer to vary the load. CO, NOx, THC and smoke emissions were measured by using a multi-channel gas analyser. Compared with D, and D + BD blends, addition of GVL had relatively little effect on engine performance and NOx emissions, but reduced the concentration of CO and smoke significantly

Comparison Tests of Diesel, Biodiesel and TBK-Biodiesel

The present article focuses on the properties of renewable bio fuels with relevance to ICE (Internal Combustion Engine) use. The diesel (EN (European Norm) 590) was used as referent fuel, that was compared with the standardized biodiesel (EN 14214) and a new type biofuel, the so-called TBK-biodiesel (Thész-Boros-Király) in a series of measurements. Data on the basic physical and chemical properties, as well as properties of combustion in ICE are presented in detail. Based on the results can be said, that biofuels don’t have clear advantages compared to other fuel types. However, the disadvantageous physical and chemical properties of biofuels are partially compensated by a more favorable composition of exhaust gases due to their adherent oxygen content

Közlekedés célú biodízel gyártás várható tendenciái

A kőolaj alapú tüzelőanyagok használatának további növekedése fenntarthatatlan, mert forrásuk szűkös és előállításuk, szállításuk, felhasználásuk során kimutathatóan, mind lokálisan, mind globális mértékben szennyezik környezetünket. A belátható jövőben várhatóan a fosszilis tüzelőanyagok maradnak a domináns energiaforrások. A gázolajnak – mint a dízel-motorok tüzelőanyagának - alapvető szerepe van az iparban, közlekedésben, mezőgazdaságban. Cikkünk célja a közlekedési célú biodízel gyártás lehetőségeinek áttekintése

Parameter analysis of NO emissions from spark ignition engines

Environmental protection, especially a reduction in emissions from vehicles, bears great importance nowadays. Combustion engine manufacturers invest large sums of money in order to cut the emission of carbon monoxide (CO), unburnt hydro carbons (CH or THC), carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). To variously reduce NOx emission either inside (e.g. exhaust gas recirculation) and/or outside the engine (like three-way catalyst), different solutions have been elaborated. The most expedient methods are, however, those reducing NOx during the process of combustion itself. Modelling and parameter analysis of NOx formation in combustion engines provide a new possibility of optimizing engine combustion and operation. To accomplish the above objective, the author of the article has developed a computer model that calculates the thermo-formation of NO by means of the Zeldowich mechanism and applied a multi-zone model for making calculations

ICE Relevant Physical-chemical Properties and Air Pollutant Emission of Renewable Transport Fuels from Different Generations – An Overview

The fuel demand in transport sector seems to be raised on a short and also on a long term base in the European Union and worldwide as well. A constantly growing trend is foreseen through 2050 worldwide as for using bio-based energy or fuels. Questions can arise before using these kinds of fuels in connection with the use of clean water or in terms of soil degradation, plant nutrients. It is also questionable whether they can be useful regarding their usage. First-, and second generation liquid as well as third generation gaseous bio-based fuels will be in focus in this article. They will be analyzed from physical-chemical properties and pollutant emission points of view

Koromkibocsátás vizsgálata pirolízisolaj-diesel tüzelőanyagkeverék alkalmazásánál: Investigation of soot emissions using pyrolysis oil-diesel fuel mixture

In modern days the waste generation of the modern society took such a large extent, that other than its environment harming aspects, it also endagers humanitiy’s sustainable development. Due to the motorisation and the increasing number of vehicles, the amount of used car tires is drastically increasing year by year. An estimated 1.5 trillion waste car tyres are generated annualy, which will be doubled in the following 30 years. One of the recycling methods of waste tires is pyrolysis, during which pyrolysis oil is produced. The components of said diesel fuel is different from the commercically avalible diesel fuel and the following research’s goal is to investigate the effects of pyrolysis diesel on the combustion, if we mix it in smaller volume percentages with regular diesel fuel. Kivonat A hulladéktermelés napjainkra a modern fogyasztói társadalom hatására olyan méreteket kezd ölteni, ami környezetkárosító hatása mellett veszélyezteti az emberiség fenntartható fejlődését. A motorizáció, a gépjárművek évről évre emelkedő száma miatt az elhasznált gumiabroncsok száma is drasztikusan emelkedik napjainkra körülbelül 1,5 billió elhasznált gumiabroncs keletkezik évente, ami a következő 30 évben előreláthatólag meg fog duplázódni [1]. A gumiabroncsok újra hasznosításának egyik módja a pirolizációs eljárás, amely során pirolízis olaj keletkezik [2]. Az ilyen eljárással nyert tüzelőanyag összetétele különbözik a kereskedelmi forgalomban kapható dieselolajtól, ezért a kutatás célja annak a vizsgálata, hogy milyen hatással van az égésre, ha kis térfogatszázalékban keverjük a diesel olajhoz. &nbsp

Effect of γ-Valerolactone Blending on Engine Performance, Combustion Characteristics and Exhaust Emissions in a Diesel Engine

γ-valerolactone (GVL) is a C5-cyclic ester that can be produced from biomass providing a potentially renewable fuel for transportation and feedstock for the chemical industry. Experiments were performed with fossil diesel (D), D + biodiesel (BD) and D + BD + GVL blends. A four-cylinder, turbocharged direct injection diesel engine was used for the tests. The engine was coupled to a dynamometer to vary the load. CO, NOx, THC and smoke emissions were measured by using a multi-channel gas analyzer. Combustion characteristics were assessed by in-cylinder pressure data with respect to crank angle and the derived heat release rates. Compared with D, and D + BD blends, addition of GVL had relatively little effect on engine performance and NOx emission, but reduced the exhaust concentration of CO, unburned fuel and smoke significantly. The smoke reduction is particularly notable in view of the very recent suggestion that black carbon is the second most important greenhouse gas in the atmosphere next to carbon dioxide. No diesel engine study with GVL has been reported so far

Examination of burning processes of regenerative liquid fuel and alcohol mixtures in diesel engine

In the article we would like to introduce our research areas, which are running at our Department (Budapest Univerity of Technology and Economics, Department of Energy Engeneering) in the field of regenerative diesel fuels. We introduce the measuring system which is based on an ASTM-CFR F5 cetane method diesel fuel-rating unit. In the course of measuring, we analysed the influences of different alcohol-rape seed oil mixtures to their burning processes and emission

NOISE EMISSION FROM OPEN TURBULENT PREMIXED FLAME

Combustion noise is one of the main problems encountered in most of practical combustion systems. An experimental investigation has been carried out to study flame noise and the effect of mainstream air velocity and the equivalence ratio on it. Tests were carried out using an open turbulent premixed flame stabilized behind a conical bluff body (with 60° included angle and 0.42 blockage ratio). The fuel used was natural gas. Flame noise was measured by a condenser microphone coupled with audio frequency spectrometer. labcard, FFT analyzer and PC computer. Data analyses were carried out using a special software. The results showed that the flame noise spectrum, for any upstream velocity, is dependent on the equivalence ratio, and this dependence is as clear in rich limit as the lean one. It was found also that the sO'lnd pressure level is dependent not only on the equivalence ratio but also on the upstream mixture velocity