Software handlers for process interfaces

Process interfaces are developed in an effort to reduce the time, effort, and money required to install computer systems. Probably the chief obstacle to the achievement of these goals lies in the problem of developing software handlers having the same degree of generality and modularity as the hardware. The problem of combining the advantages of modular instrumentation with those of modern multitask operating systems has not been completely solved, but there are a number of promising developments. The essential principles involved are considered

Engineering test facility design definition

The Engineering Test Facility (ETF) is the major focus of the Department of Energy (DOE) Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) Program to facilitate commercialization and to demonstrate the commercial operability of MHD/steam electric power. The ETF will be a fully integrated commercial prototype MHD power plant with a nominal output of 200 MW sub e. Performance of this plant is expected to meet or surpass existing utility standards for fuel, maintenance, and operating costs; plant availability; load following; safety; and durability. It is expected to meet all applicable environmental regulations. The current design concept conforming to the general definition, the basis for its selection, and the process which will be followed in further defining and updating the conceptual design

Mechanism of deuteron breakup by 42-MeV alpha particles

Coincidence measurements of absolute cross sections for breakup of deuterons by 42 MeV alpha particle

Study of the odd strontium isotopes with stripping and pickup reactions

Odd strontium isotopes induced by deuterons with stripping and pickup reaction

Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) Engineering Test Facility (ETF) 200 MWe power plant. Design Requirements Document (DRD)

A description and the design requirements for the 200 MWe (nominal) net output MHD Engineering Test Facility (ETF) Conceptual Design, are presented. Performance requirements for the plant are identified and process conditions are indicated at interface stations between the major systems comprising the plant. Also included are the description, functions, interfaces and requirements for each of these major systems. The lastest information (1980-1981) from the MHD technology program are integrated with elements of a conventional steam electric power generating plant

Robotic Lepidoptery: Structural Characterization of (mostly) Unexpected Palladium Complexes Obtained from High-Throughput Catalyst Screening

In the course of a high-throughput search for optimal combinations of bidentate ligands with Pd(II) carboxylates to generate oxidation catalysts, we obtained and crystallographically characterized a number of crystalline products. While some combinations afforded the anticipated (L-L)Pd(OC(O)R)_2 structures (L-L = bipyridine, tmeda; R = CH_3, CF_3), many gave unusual oligometallic complexes resulting from reactions such as C−H activation (L-L = sparteine), P−C bond cleavage (L-L = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane, and C−C bond formation between solvent (acetone) and ligand (L-L = 1,4-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-1,4-diaza-1,3-butadiene). These findings illustrate potential pitfalls of screening procedures based on assuming uniform, in situ catalyst self-assembly

Conceptual design of the MHD Engineering Test Facility

The reference conceptual design of the MHD engineering test facility, a prototype 200 MWe coal-fired electric generating plant designed to demonstrate the commerical feasibility of open cycle MHD is summarized. Main elements of the design are identified and explained, and the rationale behind them is reviewed. Major systems and plant facilities are listed and discussed. Construction cost and schedule estimates are included and the engineering issues that should be reexamined are identified

Kinetic Resolution of Chiral α-Olefins Using Optically Active ansa-Zirconocene Polymerization Catalysts

A series of enantiopure C_1-symmetric metallocenes, {(SiMe_2)_2[η^5-C_5H(CHMe_2)_2][η^5-C_5H_2((S)-CHMeCMe_3)]}ZrCl_2, (S)-2, {(SiMe_2)_2[η^5-C_5H(CHEt_2)_2][η^5-C_5H_2((S)-CHMeCMe_3)]}ZrCl_2, (S)-6, and {(SiMe_2)_2[η^5-C_5HCy_2][η^5-C_5H_2((S)-CHMeCMe_3)]}ZrCl_2, (S)-7 (Cy = cyclohexyl), zirconocene dichlorides that have an enantiopure methylneopentyl substituent on the “upper” cyclopentadienyl ligand, and diastereomerically pure precatalysts, {(SiMe_2)_2[η^5-C_5H((S)-CHMeCy)(CHMe_2)][η^5-C_5H_3]}ZrCl_2, (S)-8a and (S)-8b, which have an enantiopure, 1-cyclohexylethyl substituent on the “lower” cyclopentadienyl ligand, has been synthesized for use in the polymerization of chiral α-olefins. When activated with methylaluminoxane, these metallocenes show unprecedented activity for the polymerization of bulky racemic monomers bearing substitution at the 3- and/or 4-positions. Due to the optically pure nature of these single site catalysts, they effect kinetic resolution of racemic monomers:  the polymeric product is enriched with the faster reacting enantiomer, while recovered monomer is enriched with the slower reacting enantiomer. The two components are easily separated. For most olefins surveyed, a partial kinetic resolution was achieved (s = k_(faster)/k_(slower) ≈ 2), but, in one case, the polymerization of 3,4-dimethyl-1-pentene, high levels of separation were obtained (s > 15). ^(13)C NMR spectroscopy of poly(3-methyl-1-pentene) produced with (S)-2 indicates that the polymers are highly isotactic materials. X-ray crystal structure determinations for (S)-2, {(SiMe_2)_2[η^5-C_5H(CHMe_2)_2][η^5-C_5H_2((S)-CHMeCMe_3)]}Zr(SC_6H_5)_2, (S)-6, and (S)-7 have been used in combination with molecular mechanics calculations to examine the prevailing steric interactions expected in the diastereomeric transition states for propagation during polymerization. Precatalysts (S)-8a and (S)-8b are less selective polymerization catalysts for the kinetic resolution of 3-methyl-1-pentene than are (S)-2, (S)-6, and (S)-7

Frontiers, Opportunities, and Challenges in Biochemical and Chemical Catalysis of CO_2 Fixation

Two major energy-related problems confront the world in the next 50 years. First, increased worldwide competition for gradually depleting fossil fuel reserves (derived from past photosynthesis) will lead to higher costs, both monetarily and politically. Second, atmospheric CO_2 levels are at their highest recorded level since records began. Further increases are predicted to produce large and uncontrollable impacts on the world climate. These projected impacts extend beyond climate to ocean acidification, because the ocean is a major sink for atmospheric CO2.1 Providing a future energy supply that is secure and CO_2-neutral will require switching to nonfossil energy sources such as wind, solar, nuclear, and geothermal energy and developing methods for transforming the energy produced by these new sources into forms that can be stored, transported, and used upon demand