Influence of the lamination on the redundancy of a horizontally layered glass element and analysis of the debonding of the adhesive interlayer

International audienceIt is now recognized that lamination enables to increase the redundancy of glass elements. This paper aims to quantify the possibilities of delamination between panes as well as the increase of redundancy for a horizontally layered glass element thanks to an analytical approach combined with a numerical modeling. From an analytical point of view, new procedures have been defined, taking into account the shear-lag effect as well as the mean curvature of the various adherents. The equilibrium of an infinitesimal element of the laminated structure has enabled to evaluate the interfacial stresses responsible for debonding phenomena. Based on this first approach and on the values of the interfacial stresses, a FE numerical simulation has been calibrated. This calibration is extended in two ways. First, the nonlinear behavior of the material is considered. A smeared crack approach is used to take into account the glass mechanical behavior. Then, a local debonding model involving the use of normal and shear springs is proposed at the interface between two glass panes. The mechanical behaviors of the springs are calibrated by simulating existing tension adhesion tests. Finally, by considering various structural cases, this work concludes that the debonding of the interface is a possibility and discusses its influence on the redundancy of the considered laminated structure

Typologie du zircon des granitoïdes de Bouskour et d'Ougnat (Saghro, Anti-Atlas, Maroc) : Comparaison et signification géodynamique Zircon typology of Bouskour and Ougnat granitoids (Saghro, Anti-Atlas, Morocco) : comparison and geodynamic implication

International audienceLes granitoïdes de Bouskour et de l'Ougnat (Saghro, Anti-Atlas) représentent respectivement les intrusions les plus proches et les plus éloignées par rapport à l'accident majeur de l'Anti-Atlas. Ils sont composés à Bouskour de diorite quartzique, de granodiorite à amphibole et de granite à biotite et à Ougnat de diorite quartzique, de granodiorite à amphibole/biotite et de granite à grenat. La typologie du zircon appliquée à ces granitoïdes montre l'existence de trois tendances magmatiques dans les deux boutonnières. Une tendance granodioritique ou moyennement potassique représentée par les diorites quartziques et les granodiorites dans ces deux ensembles et une tendance calco-alcaline plus potassique représentée par le granite à biotite à Bouskour. Ces deux suites possèdent une origine hybride croûte-manteau. Le granite à grenat de l'Ougnat représente la troisième tendance avec une origine plutôt crustale. Cette répartition montre que le composant crustal augmente depuis Bouskour jusqu'à l'Ougnat impliquant un épaississement crustal au niveau de Saghro au cours du Néoprotérozoïque. Both the Bouskour and the Ougnat granitoids belong to Sahgro intrusions, which are near and far from the major Anti-Atlas accident respectively. These complexes are composed of quartz diorite, amphibole granodiorite and garnet granite in Bouskour, and quartz diorite, amphibole/biotite granodiorite and garnet granite in Ougnat hills. Zircon typology in these granitoids shows three magmatic trends. First, a medium-K calc-alkaline granodiorite trend formed by quartz diorites and amphibole granodiorites in both complexes. Second, the biotite granites of Bouskour record a high-K calc-alkaline trend. Both trends have a hybrid mantle-crust origin. Garnet granite represents the third trend with a crustal origin. These signatures recorded by the Saghro granitoids suggest crustal thickening during the Neoproterozoic

Using Qualitative Study and GIS to Explore Road Accident Black Areas in Algeria

This work aims to explore black areas identification through a qualitative methodology based mainly on a series of questionnaires and interviews and by a development of a geographical information system on the road accidents in studied area. The road user, particularly the driver, is generally considered as the first person in charge in the case of accident, while his opinion is rarely joined into the establishment of the solutions to the problems of the road insecurity. Considering needs for the treatment of black areas, problems of the lack of data on the accidents, the different advantages that suggests the concept of participation and the feasibility integrating the road users into the analysis of the road safety. The Qualitative study aims at supplying with the accessibility for the users of the road to indicate the places of male performances of safety according to their feeling and of them the experience. The approach by the GIS aims at first to establish road accidents on the studied site by associating data of different nature and then to make a spatial analysis via ArcGis tool. The study area is a section of national road Highway RN6 of 38 Kms (from the PK00 to the PK38) which across the wilaya of Mascara. it is considered a potentially dangerous stretch in terms of road insafety. The results of this study show that the road users are the daily witnesses on the degree of the danger which presents their usual territory: the road. They can, therefore, to be the complementary information source for the localization of zones at high risk on the road network traveled daily

Parametric Study of a Corona Discharge at Atmospheric Pressure

International audienceAn equivalent electrical model proposed and validated in a previous work [1], represents thepositive point to plane discharge, by a variable resistor in series with a variable capacitance.Based on the proposed model, we present in this paper, a parametric study examining theinfluence of the two operating parameters, applied voltage and distance between electrodes onboth electrical parameters of the equivalent model during the passage of the discharge.Regardless of the details in this abstract, it was found that, in general, all of these effects arebrought by a common factor which is the resultant electric field expressed by the relationshipE=V/d [2, 3]. This determines the strength of the first streamer, the possibility of creating anddeveloping a second streamer as well as its strength and consequently, the amount of totalcharges produced what characterizes the aspect of the electrical parameters of the dischargeand behavior discharge in general term.This study showed that in particular the resistance of the discharge before the outbreak of thedischarge pulse, obeyed the law of Paschen [4], this is very important because it determinesthe lowest level of the applied voltage that provides the lowest resistance value to get adischarge

Scaling Laws Between Mono and Multi-Point Configuration In Positive DC Corona Discharge in Air

Acknowledgements:This work is done in partnership with the professor O. Eichwald (PRHE research team, LAPLACE Laboratory, Toulouse, France)International audienceThis work is devoted to the study of the electrical behavior of DC point-to-plane air corona discharges. We specifically aim at looking for possible scaling laws that could exist when passing from a mono-point to plan, to multi-points to plan reactor geometry. The electrical parameters are obtained based on experimental data of the discharge voltage and current, thanks to the simulation of our model, proposed and validated, in references [1, 2]. The discharge is represented by variable, in series resistor and capacitor. First, both electrical parameters of the discharge are determined in several operating points relative to the voltage magnitude and inter-electrode distance. This step is done for all the following geometric configurations of electrodes: - mono tip / plan, - close bi tip / plan – distant bi tip / plan remote. Thereafter, we compare the discharge resistance and capacity for the three configurations, phase by phase, for the same operating points

Parametric Study of a Corona Discharge at Atmospheric Pressure

International audienceAn equivalent electrical model proposed and validated in a previous work [1], represents thepositive point to plane discharge, by a variable resistor in series with a variable capacitance.Based on the proposed model, we present in this paper, a parametric study examining theinfluence of the two operating parameters, applied voltage and distance between electrodes onboth electrical parameters of the equivalent model during the passage of the discharge.Regardless of the details in this abstract, it was found that, in general, all of these effects arebrought by a common factor which is the resultant electric field expressed by the relationshipE=V/d [2, 3]. This determines the strength of the first streamer, the possibility of creating anddeveloping a second streamer as well as its strength and consequently, the amount of totalcharges produced what characterizes the aspect of the electrical parameters of the dischargeand behavior discharge in general term.This study showed that in particular the resistance of the discharge before the outbreak of thedischarge pulse, obeyed the law of Paschen [4], this is very important because it determinesthe lowest level of the applied voltage that provides the lowest resistance value to get adischarge

An investigation of the thermodynamic effect on the response of FG beam on elastic foundation

International audienceThis study presents an analytical approach to investigate the thermodynamic behavior of functionally graded beam resting on elastic foundations. The formulation is based on a refined deformation theory taking into consideration the stretching effect and the type of elastic foundation. The displacement field used in the present refined theory contains undetermined integral forms and involves only three unknowns to derive. The mechanical characteristics of the beam are assumed to be varied across the thickness according to a simple exponential law distribution. The beam is supposed simply supported and therefore the Navier solution is used to derive analytical solution. Verification examples demonstrate that the developed theory is very accurate in describing the response of FG beams subjected to thermodynamic loading. Numerical results are carried out to show the effects of the thermodynamic loading on the response of FG beams resting on elastic foundation

Thermal Buckling Response of Functionally Graded Plates with Clamped Boundary Conditions

International audienc