6,841 research outputs found
Charged particle tracks in polymers number 6 - A method for charge determination of heavy, multicharged cosmic ray particles
Charge determination of heavy, multicharged cosmic ray particles from particle tracks in cellulose nitrate nuclear emulsion stack
J.R.R. Tolkien Goes to Law School: Exploring Property Law Jurisprudence Through the Hobbit and Lord of the Rings Trilogy
This Article offers J.R.R. Tolkien’s classic stories, The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings Trilogy, as useful for Law and Literature scholarship because they have a large audience of all ages, who have either read them in books or seen them as movies. Their widespread popularity makes these stories an effective way to introduce and inspire many to the property law jurisprudence that permeates the texts. While Tolkien’s literature has not been traditionally utilized for Law and Literature purposes, there are several issues of property law jurisprudence that can be elucidated through Tolkien’s writings.
This Article begins by briefly assessing the debate regarding the efficacy of Law and Literature, proposes Tolkien’s literature as a legitimate means of stimulating an interest in property law jurisprudence, and concludes by exploring a variety of property law issues using Tolkien’s literature as the background material facts
The completive and potential form of Chichicapan Zapotec verbs
From the introduction: The phonological changes associated with the potential and completive aspects in Zapotecan languages have been traditionally analyzed suppletively (Butler 1980, Pickett 1960). In this paper I examine suppletive and nonsuppletive analyses of the potential and completive aspects of Chichicapan Zapotec, hereafter ChZ. I show that a nonsuppletive analysis of the facts of ChZ is more insightful than a suppletive one
Simulations of Strong Gravitational Lensing with Substructure
Galactic sized gravitational lenses are simulated by combining a cosmological
N-body simulation and models for the baryonic component of the galaxy. The lens
caustics, critical curves, image locations and magnification ratios are
calculated by ray-shooting on an adaptive grid. When the source is near a cusp
in a smooth lens' caustic the sum of the magnifications of the three closest
images should be close to zero. It is found that in the observed cases this sum
is generally too large to be consistent with the simulations implying that
there is not enough substructure in the simulations. This suggests that other
factors play an important role. These may include limited numerical resolution,
lensing by structure outside the halo, selection bias and the possibility that
a randomly selected galaxy halo may be more irregular, for example due to
recent mergers, than the isolated halo used in this study. It is also shown
that, with the level of substructure computed from the N-body simulations, the
image magnifications of the Einstein cross type lenses are very weak functions
of source size up to \sim 1\kpc. This is also true for the magnification
ratios of widely separated images in the fold and cusp caustic lenses. This
means that selected magnification ratios for different the emission regions of
a lensed quasar should agree with each other, barring microlensing by stars.
The source size dependence of the magnification ratio between the closest pair
of images is more sensitive to substructure.Comment: 28 pages, 2 tables and 14 figures. Accepted to MNRA
Dialectica Categories for the Lambek Calculus
We revisit the old work of de Paiva on the models of the Lambek Calculus in
dialectica models making sure that the syntactic details that were sketchy on
the first version got completed and verified. We extend the Lambek Calculus
with a \kappa modality, inspired by Yetter's work, which makes the calculus
commutative. Then we add the of-course modality !, as Girard did, to
re-introduce weakening and contraction for all formulas and get back the full
power of intuitionistic and classical logic. We also present the categorical
semantics, proved sound and complete. Finally we show the traditional
properties of type systems, like subject reduction, the Church-Rosser theorem
and normalization for the calculi of extended modalities, which we did not have
before
Confronting LCDM with Gravitational Lensing Constraints on Small Scale Structure
This paper primarily addresses the question of whether recent lensing
observations probing the small scale structure in the universe are consistent
with the LCDM model. A conservative approach is taken where only the most
difficult to explain cases of image flux anomalies in strong lenses are
considered. Numerical simulations are performed to compare predictions for the
LCDM small scale mass function with observed flux ratios. It is found by
simulating several represent cases that all the cusp caustic lens anomalies and
the disagreements between monochromatic flux ratios and simple lens models
might be explained without any substructure in the primary lenses' dark matter
halos. Intergalactic LCDM halos are enough to naturally explain these cases.
However, thus far, spectroscopic gravitational lensing observations require
more small mass halos (~ 10^6 Msun) than is expected in the LCDM model.Comment: submitted to ApJ, 19 pages, 7 figures, replaced with accepted
version, more discussion of tests of the computer cod
- …