21 research outputs found

    Le métier de chef de projet comme activité prudentielle.

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    Si la gestion de projet est une activitĂ© dĂ©sormais rĂ©pandue dans les entreprises, le contenu du travail qu’elle implique reste paradoxalement mal connu. En s’appuyant sur une enquĂȘte menĂ©e auprĂšs de chefs de projet d’un groupe industriel et sur les catĂ©gories de l’activitĂ© « prudentielle » proposĂ©es par Florent Champy, cet article rend intelligible ce contenu. Il montre que le chef de projet adopte un regard global sur son projet, surveille les contingences pouvant nuire Ă  son dĂ©roulement et mobilise un « sens du possible » pour rĂ©soudre les problĂšmes auxquels il est confrontĂ© et arbitrer entre des exigences contradictoires. Le lien de subordination inhĂ©rent Ă  son statut de salariĂ© contraint son autonomie, mais lui procure aussi un certain nombre d’appuis organisationnels confortant la construction de sa vision globale du projet, de sa vigilance et de son sens du possible : la prudence apparaĂźt sous la forme d’une qualitĂ© distribuĂ©e dans un rĂ©seau Ă©troit de dispositifs organisationnels.The paper, based on a survey conducted with project managers of an industrial group, sheds light on the effective content of project management. Indeed, whereas this task has a real social visibility, its content is not well known. This text mobilizes the categories of “prudential activity” put forward by Florent Champy and shows that the project manager adopts a global view of his project, monitors the contingencies that may impede project progress, uses both his intuition and his experience to solve his problems and to arbitrate between conflicting requirements. The relationship of subordination that results from his status as an employee limits his autonomy, but also gives him organizational supports that consolidate his global view, his vigilance, and his intuition: prudence appears as a quality shared out within a narrow network of organizational devices

    Les formes de l'engagement des cadres . Pratiques collectives et offres de représentation

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    Collective action by white-collar workers means more than just trade union membership and an inter-category form or organisation and representation. White-collar workers are entitled to become involved in category-based unions such as the ConfĂ©dĂ©ration GĂ©nĂ©rale des Cadres, or to join a workers' central. however, they may also become involved in professional associations that group them according to type of employment, or join their school's former pupil's association. The thesis looks at the collective action of white-collar workers as it relates to their workplace and employment. It explains the multiple forms of representation available to white-collar workers and the range of commitments made by them, based on an understanding of the meaning of each of these forms of action (trade unions, professional or corporative bodies) and an analysis of the individual paths to involvement. It shows that the multi-faceted character of collective action on the part of white-collar workers can be explained by their equivocal reaction to the subordination that is inherent to a contract of employment: it is the ambivalent reaction of white-collar workers to employee-type subordination which leads to the diversity of collective praticess. The thesis shows that each type of group (trade union, professional body and former pupil's association) is a specific resource which authorises the conscription of subordination to the employer and an acknowledgement of individual value that cannot be reduced to its contingent hierarchical evaluation.L'action collective des cadres ne se rĂ©duit pas Ă  la seule forme syndicale et intercatĂ©gorielle d'organisation et de reprĂ©sentation. Les cadres peuvent s'engager dans le syndicalisme catĂ©goriel, incarnĂ© par la ConfĂ©dĂ©ration GĂ©nĂ©rale des Cadres (CGC), ou dans une centrale ouvriĂšre. Mais ils peuvent aussi s'impliquer dans les associations professionnelles qui les regroupent selon le critĂšre du type d'emploi occupĂ©, ou dans l'association des anciens Ă©lĂšves de leur École. La thĂšse, prenant pour objet l'action collective des cadres en lien avec le travail et l'emploi, consiste Ă  expliquer cette pluralitĂ© des offres de reprĂ©sentation des cadres et la variĂ©tĂ© de leurs engagements, par la comprĂ©hension du sens que revĂȘt chacune de ces formes d'action (syndicale, professionnelle, corporative) et l'analyse des trajectoires individuelles d'implication. Elle dĂ©montre que le caractĂšre pluriel de l'action collective des cadres s'explique par l'Ă©quivocitĂ© de leur rapport Ă  la relation de subordination, immanente au contrat de travail : c'est le rapport ambivalent des cadres Ă  la subordination salariĂ©e qui est la cause de la diversitĂ© de leurs pratiques collectives. La thĂšse montre que chaque type de groupement (syndicat, association professionnelle et groupement d'anciens Ă©lĂšves) est une ressource spĂ©cifique, qui autorise la conscription de la subordination Ă  l'employeur et la reconnaissance d'une valeur individuelle irrĂ©ductible Ă  son Ă©valuation hiĂ©rarchique contingente

    Négocier la pénibilité ? Conditions de travail et reconnaissance chez les hÎtesses de l'air et les stewards, Dossier Sale boulot, boulot sale, n° 24,

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    International audienceThe conjlict which took place in 2007 mobilised most cormnercial jlight crews of a big French airline company for four days. Su.Ife ring at work, expressed with strength through the conjlict, transforms into hardness, \a measurable abject, negotiable, notably through work organisation in its broadest sense. The perception of hardness may evolve depending on generations, backgrounds, family insertion. Employees include in it their own vision of the job and the recognition they expect from it. Two groups mark themselves out in our analysis : the eiders attach importance to the symbolic recognition of their job as much as to the reduction of hardness ; the young, hired on a lower salary scale, put forward the respectof the family life principle and the recognition of hardness, notably through salary. It is under the theme of hardness that they unite and negotiate together a better organisation of the work.Le conflit de novembre 2007 a mobilisé la majeure par­tie des personnels navigants commerciaux d' une grande compagnie aérienne française pendant quatre jours. La souffrance au travail, exprimée avec force à travers le conflit, se transforme en pénibilité, objet mesurable, négociable, notamment au travers de l'organisation du travail pris dans son sens leplus large. Suivant les générations, les parcours, l'insertion familiale, la perception de cette pénibilité peut évoluer. Les salariés insÚrent dans la perception de la pénibilité leur propre conception du métier, et la reconnaissance qu'ils en attendent. Deux groupes se dégagent de notre analyse : les plus anciens sont attachés à la reconnaissance symbolique de leur métier tout autant qu'à la réduction de la pénibilité ; les plus jeunes, embauchés sur une échelle des salaires inférieure, mettent en avant le principe de respect de la vie familiale et la reconnaissance notamment salariale de la pénibilité. C'est sous le thÚme de la pénibilité qu'ils s'unissent et négocient, ensemble, une meilleure organisation du travail

    Gait Posture

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    BACKGROUND: Several articular, muscular and neurological diseases generate mobility loss in the shoulder and pelvis girdles. Joint mobilization contributes to improving shoulder-pelvis girdles dissociation, but current mobilization techniques are not always successful and standardized. A robotic medical device, DPA Med¼, by inducing trunk mobilization through lower limb oscillation has been developed for producing such a shoulder-pelvis girdles dissociation and is already used worldwide in rehabilitation hospitals. RESEARCH QUESTION: To determine the optimal lower limb oscillation frequency that generated the best shoulder-pelvis girdles dissociation using the DPA Med¼ device. METHODS: Thirty healthy adult volunteers (mean age: 38.6 [SD 15.2] years, mean height: 174 [SD 11.9] cm, mean body mass: 70.3 [SD 14.7] kg) participated in this prospective study. A kinematic analysis quantified pelvic and shoulder girdle mobility (rotation and lateral tilt) at different DPA Med¼ frequencies, from 0.5 Hz to 1 Hz. A visual analysis of the lower limb movement was also performed, using video sensors, to better understand the kinematics involved. RESULTS: All DPA Med¼ frequencies have shown significant shoulder-pelvis girdles dissociation (p < 0.05). This study established an optimal oscillation frequency with the minimal interindividual variability at 0.808 Hz. It induced pelvic mobility similar to that of normal gait, in the transverse and frontal planes (10.3°, SD 2.9°, and 12.0°, SD 2.2°, respectively). This trunk mobility was achieved by producing a lemniscate-shaped motion in the lower limbs (an eight-shaped motion in the transverse plane). SIGNIFICANCE: This study has shown that the DPA Med¼ device is able to induce shoulder-pelvis girdles dissociation similar to that of normal gait and allowed to establish the existence of an optimal DPA Med¼ oscillation frequency for lower limb mobility at 0.808 Hz. Further studies are required to evaluate its potentially benefits on gait disorders

    Les textures matérielles de l’accumulation

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    Ce dossier examine la production et la manipulation de dispositifs de gestion de l’accumulation des connaissances. Il se penche sur les dispositifs saisis comme des artefacts dotés de matérialités qui agissent sur le travail de classement des donnĂ©es. This special issue examines the production and manipulation of knowledge accumulation management devices. It looks at devices captured as artifacts with hardware that affect the data classification work. Este dossier examina la producciĂłn y manipulaciĂłn de dispositivos de gestiĂłn de la acumulaciĂłn de conocimientos. Examina los dispositivos capturados como artefactos con hardware que afectan al trabajo de clasificaciĂłn de datos
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