Docking and Bridging Devices

This disclosure describes core devices, like a phone, tablet, or other screen, and how they could be docked to a second device, like a speaker or charger, to take on a new role. This disclosure describes a system that offers more flexibility and allows users to benefit from different combinations of devices. The techniques allow an object to be docked to effectively create a new device, e.g., a tablet docking to a speaker would be like a home hub, and/or to alter their function, e.g., a phone can be placed in a stand or on a charging mat to default to a more passive role

Verbal Learning and Memory Deficits across Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Insights from an ENIGMA Mega Analysis

Deficits in memory performance have been linked to a wide range of neurological and neuropsychiatric conditions. While many studies have assessed the memory impacts of individual conditions, this study considers a broader perspective by evaluating how memory recall is differentially associated with nine common neuropsychiatric conditions using data drawn from 55 international studies, aggregating 15,883 unique participants aged 15-90. The effects of dementia, mild cognitive impairment, Parkinson\u27s disease, traumatic brain injury, stroke, depression, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder on immediate, short-, and long-delay verbal learning and memory (VLM) scores were estimated relative to matched healthy individuals. Random forest models identified age, years of education, and site as important VLM covariates. A Bayesian harmonization approach was used to isolate and remove site effects. Regression estimated the adjusted association of each clinical group with VLM scores. Memory deficits were strongly associated with dementia and schizophrenia

Verbal Learning and Memory Deficits across Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Insights from an ENIGMA Mega Analysis.

Deficits in memory performance have been linked to a wide range of neurological and neuropsychiatric conditions. While many studies have assessed the memory impacts of individual conditions, this study considers a broader perspective by evaluating how memory recall is differentially associated with nine common neuropsychiatric conditions using data drawn from 55 international studies, aggregating 15,883 unique participants aged 15–90. The effects of dementia, mild cognitive impairment, Parkinson’s disease, traumatic brain injury, stroke, depression, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder on immediate, short-, and long-delay verbal learning and memory (VLM) scores were estimated relative to matched healthy individuals. Random forest models identified age, years of education, and site as important VLM covariates. A Bayesian harmonization approach was used to isolate and remove site effects. Regression estimated the adjusted association of each clinical group with VLM scores. Memory deficits were strongly associated with dementia and schizophrenia (p \u3c 0.001), while neither depression nor ADHD showed consistent associations with VLM scores (p \u3e 0.05). Differences associated with clinical conditions were larger for longer delayed recall duration items. By comparing VLM across clinical conditions, this study provides a foundation for enhanced diagnostic precision and offers new insights into disease management of comorbid disorders

Verbal Learning and Memory Deficits across Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Insights from an ENIGMA Mega Analysis.

Deficits in memory performance have been linked to a wide range of neurological and neuropsychiatric conditions. While many studies have assessed the memory impacts of individual conditions, this study considers a broader perspective by evaluating how memory recall is differentially associated with nine common neuropsychiatric conditions using data drawn from 55 international studies, aggregating 15,883 unique participants aged 15-90. The effects of dementia, mild cognitive impairment, Parkinson's disease, traumatic brain injury, stroke, depression, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder on immediate, short-, and long-delay verbal learning and memory (VLM) scores were estimated relative to matched healthy individuals. Random forest models identified age, years of education, and site as important VLM covariates. A Bayesian harmonization approach was used to isolate and remove site effects. Regression estimated the adjusted association of each clinical group with VLM scores. Memory deficits were strongly associated with dementia and schizophrenia (p 0.05). Differences associated with clinical conditions were larger for longer delayed recall duration items. By comparing VLM across clinical conditions, this study provides a foundation for enhanced diagnostic precision and offers new insights into disease management of comorbid disorders

Galaxy bulges and their massive black holes: a review

With references to both key and oft-forgotten pioneering works, this article starts by presenting a review into how we came to believe in the existence of massive black holes at the centres of galaxies. It then presents the historical development of the near-linear (black hole)-(host spheroid) mass relation, before explaining why this has recently been dramatically revised. Past disagreement over the slope of the (black hole)-(velocity dispersion) relation is also explained, and the discovery of sub-structure within the (black hole)-(velocity dispersion) diagram is discussed. As the search for the fundamental connection between massive black holes and their host galaxies continues, the competing array of additional black hole mass scaling relations for samples of predominantly inactive galaxies are presented.Comment: Invited (15 Feb. 2014) review article (submitted 16 Nov. 2014). 590 references, 9 figures, 25 pages in emulateApJ format. To appear in "Galactic Bulges", E. Laurikainen, R.F. Peletier, and D.A. Gadotti (eds.), Springer Publishin

An Enhanced Gas Turbine Engine Laboratory: A Learning Platform Supporting an Undergraduate Engineering Curriculum

A gas turbine engine has supported the U.S. Military Academy’s mechanical engineering program for nearly three decades. Recent, substantial enhancements to the engine, controls, and data acquisition systems greatly increased the student experience by leveraging its broad capabilities beyond the original laboratory learning objectives. In this way, the laboratory served as a learning platform for more than just instruction on gas turbine fundamentals and the Brayton cycle. The engine is a refurbished auxiliary power unit from Pratt & Whitney Aeropower, installed in the Embrauer 120 and similar to a unit installed on a U.S. Army helicopter. Whereas the original laboratory experience permitted students to test the engine at three different loads applied by a water brake dynamometer, the revised experience allowed for a broader range of test conditions. The original laboratory included single point measurements of three temperatures and two pressures, along with the fuel flow rate, dynamometer torque, and engine speed. The revised laboratory allowed the user to vary bleed air and engine loads across an operational envelope at a user-specified acquisition rate. The improved data acquisition system used LabVIEW (TM) and included multiple state sensors for pressure, temperature, fuel flow, bleed air, and dynamometer performance, thereby enabling a more complete analysis by accounting for the energy transported by bleed airflow and absorbed by the water brake. Students then quantified the uncertainty in their measurements and analysis. The new emphasis on uncertainty quantification, part of a program-level initiative, challenged students’ notion of “substitute and solve” while also familiarizing them with large, experimental data sets. The re-envisioned laboratory raised the students’ level in the cognitive domain and served as their premier engine experience. Rather than merely observing engine adjustments across a small range of conditions, students designed their own laboratory experience. With the updated approach, students viewed a graphic of the turbine’s laboratory operating range and chose the key variables of interest – selecting data points within the laboratory operating range – and then justified their selections. The enhanced experience added analysis of flow exergy and exergetic efficiency. The exercise also challenged students to hypothesize why actual turbine performance was less than predicted and determine sources of error and uncertainty. Moreover, the new laboratory offers opportunities to expand the turbine engine’s utility from supporting a single thermal-fluids course to a multidisciplinary learning platform. Concluding remarks address concepts for augmenting course instruction in other courses within the curriculum, including heat transfer, mechanical vibrations, and dynamic modeling and controls

NOAA-GFDL/FMScoupler: 2023.03

<p>No code changes were made to the coupler this release cycle, just tagging current main to be used alongside the corresponding FMS release.</p&gt

NOAA-GFDL/FMS: 2023.03

<h2>[2023.03] - 2023-10-27</h2> <h3>Known Issues</h3> <ul> <li>GCC 9 and below as well as GCC 11.1.0 are unsupported due to compilation issues. See prior releases for more details.</li> <li><code>NO_QUAD_PRECISION</code> macro is no longer set by FMS, the <code>ENABLE_QUAD_PRECISION</code> macro has replaced prior usage of <code>NO_QUAD_PRECISION</code>. <code>-DENABLE_QUAD_PRECISION</code> should be set if quad precision is to be used, otherwise FMS will not use quad precision reals where applicable.</li> </ul> <h3>Added</h3> <ul> <li>UNIT_TESTS: New unit tests have been created or and existing ones expanded on for any modules utilizing mixed precision support.</li> </ul> <h3>Changed</h3> <ul> <li>MIXED PRECISION: Most subroutines and functions in FMS have been updated to simultaneously accept both 4 byte and 8 byte reals as arguments. This deprecates the <code>--enable-mixed-mode</code> option, which enabled similar functionality but was limited to certain directories and was not enabled by default. To facilitate easier testing of these code changes, the CMake precision options for default real size were left in (along with an equivalent <code>--disable-r8-default</code> flag for autotools). The resulting libraries will support mixed-precision real kinds regardless of default real size. It should also be noted that many routines that accept real arguments have been moved to include files along with headers in order to be compiled with both kinds. Most module level variables were explicitly declared as r8_kind for these updates.</li> <li>Some type/module changes were made to facilitate mixed precision support. They are <strong>intended</strong> to have minimal impact to other codebases:<ul> <li>COUPLER_TYPES: In coupler_types.F90, <code>coupler_nd_field_type</code> and <code>coupler_nd_values_type</code> have been renamed to indicate real kind value: <code>coupler_nd_real4/8_field_type</code> and <code>coupler_nd_real4/8_values_type</code>. The <code>bc</code> field within <code>coupler_nd_bc_type</code> was modified to use r8_kind within the value and field types, and an additional field added <code>bc_r4</code> to use r4_kind values.</li> <li>TRIDIAGONAL: Module state between r4 and r8 calls are distinct (ie. subsequent calls will only be affected by calls of the same precision). This behaviour can be changed via the <code>save_both_kinds</code> optional argument to <code>tri_invert</code>.</li> </ul> </li> <li>CODE_STYLE: has been updated to reflect the formatting used for the mixed precision support updates.</li> </ul> <h3>Fixed</h3> <ul> <li>DIAG_MANAGER: Tile number (ie. tileX) will now be added to filenames for sub-regional diagnostics.</li> <li>MPP: Bug affecting non-intel compilers coming from uninitialized pointer in the <code>nest_domain_type</code></li> <li>MPP: Bug fix for unallocated field causing seg faults in <code>mpp_check_field</code></li> <li>FMS2_IO: Fixed segfault occuring from use of cray pointer remapping along with mpp_scatter/gather</li> <li>TEST_FMS: Added various fixes for different compilers within test programs for fms2_io, mpp, diag_manager, parser, and sat_vapor_pres.</li> <li>INTERPOLATOR: Deallocates fields in the type that were previously left out in <code>interpolator_end</code></li> </ul> <h3>Removed</h3> <ul> <li>CPP MACROS:<ul> <li><code>no_4byte_reals</code> was removed and will not set any additional macros if used. <code>no_8byte_integers</code> is still functional.</li> <li><code>NO_QUAD_PRECISION</code> was removed. It was conditionally set if ENABLE_QUAD_PRECISION was undefined. ENABLE_QUAD_PRECISION should be used in model components instead (logic is flipped)</li> <li><code>use_netCDF</code> was set by autotools previously but wasn't consistently used in the code. FMS should always be compiled with netcdf installed so this was removed with the exception of its use in deprecated IO modules.</li> </ul> </li> <li>DRIFTERS: The drifters subdirectory has been deprecated. It will only be compiled if using the <code>-Duse_drifters</code> CPP flag.</li> </ul> <h3>Tag Commit Hashes</h3> <ul> <li>2023.03-beta1 06b94a7f574e7794684b8584391744ded68e2989</li> <li>2023.03-alpha3 b25a7c52a27dfd52edc10bc0ebe12776af0f03df</li> <li>2023.03-alpha2 9983ce308e62e9f7215b04c227cebd30fd75e784</li> <li>2023.03-alpha1 a46bd94fd8dd1f6f021501e29179003ff28180ec</li> </ul&gt