3 research outputs found
Study of the effect of chromium on the germination parameters of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-gracium L.) and Lens (Lens culinaris)
Received: September 21st, 2022 ; Accepted: January 2nd, 2023 ; Published: February 8th, 2023 ; Correspondence: [email protected] contamination by heavy metals is a global environmental problem. This
contamination affects agricultural crops in the area concerned. In the present study, chromium,
which is a heavy metal, is evaluated for its diverse effects on seed germination and lateral growth
of fenugreek and lens seeds. A chromium solution was prepared at increasing concentrations:
0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.1, and 0.2 mg L-1 for the addition of germinating seeds in petri dishes
for ten days. After two days, the germination rate is calculated. For the following days the length
of radicle, stem, and number of leaves are measured. The germination rate of fenugreek varies
between 100 and 73.33% for the control and 0.02 mg L-1 of chromium respectively. However,
the germination rate of the lens varies between 100% for the control and 90% for the
0.02 mg L-1
. The elongation of fenugreek radicle with chromium solutions shows a significant
effect. However, there is no significant difference in the lens at the different concentrations. For
the growth of the fenugreek stalk, it is noticed that the concentration 0.02 shows a length of
2.83 cm compared to their control which is 2.30 cm. Consequently, chromium at 0.02 mg L-1
stimulates growth, but at 0.2 mg L-1
, it inhibits it. For lens the length of the stems shows also a
significant difference compared to their control. So the effect of chromium on germination
parameters depends on their concentrations, as well as on the seed response itself. For our
research the response of fenugreek compared to the lens at the same concentrations is different
Fertilizing power evaluation of different mixtures of organic household waste and olive pomace
Received: February 15th, 2022 ; Accepted: June 27th, 2022 ; Published: August 12th, 2022 ; Correspondence: [email protected] the perspective of sustainable agriculture established by the Green Morocco Plan,
it is interesting to direct research more towards the agronomic valorization of olive pomace, to
give birth to a clean olive growing which leads to a viable economy thus respecting a pillar of
sustainable development. Several studies have shown the effectiveness of using olive pomace as
a soil amendment. Therefore, in this study we want to increase the agricultural performance of
olive pomace by composting by mixing it with other waste.
Morocco is considered one of the major olive-producing countries with an annual production of
1.41 million tonnes (MT), part of it is dedicated to olive oil production. Morocco produces
approximately 26.8 MT of waste annually, 8.3 MT are household waste, 70% are organic
household waste (5.8 MT). The current production of organic household waste in urban areas is
estimated at 4.8 million tonnes per year, or an average of 0.76 kg hab-1 day-1
, and in rural areas
1 million tonnes per year, or an average of 0.30 kg hab-1 day-1 (SNRVD, 2015). Agri-food
industry waste is around 3 million tonnes with 600,000 to 700,000 tonnes of olive oil waste
(pomace) (Agricultural Development Agency, 2018). The rejection of this waste without any
prior treatment contributes to the environment deterioration. However, a large part of this waste
remains recoverable, which would reduce both waste volume to be eliminated and the associated
management cost. This; will contribute to reducing the negative impacts on receiving environments
and the cost of restoring the environment state, and ensuring a transition towards a circular
economy. Our work is part of the context of solid waste management and recovery, in particular
organic waste from household and food-processing activities, and is oriented towards the pomace
recovery by composting, mixing it with different percentages of organic household waste.
This work consists on composting olive pomace from the three phases system with another
structural agent (organic household waste). Comparing the mixtures (6 treatments) with different
concentrations in terms of composting process parameters (pH, electrical conductivity, organic
matter temperature, etc.), organic matter evolution and composts quality, with manual aeration of
the compost, in order to increase the agricultural yield of the olive pomace. Residues from the
fermentation process can be used in agriculture. All the different mixtures of the different
percentages are characterized at the initial state and at the end of the composting process in order
to highlight their nutritional values
Marriage and Migration: Moroccan Women’s Views on Partner Choice, Arranged and Forced Marriage in Belgium
With family reunification as one of the key routes to legally gain entry to the European Union, governments are introducing more stringent legislation to counter abuses such as forced marriages and marriages of convenience. This study explores Moroccan women’s views on partner choice, arranged and forced marriages to ascertain the impact of the migratory context. Moreover, it examined whether the diasporic experience affects the occurrence of forced marriage. Using a participatory approach, focus-group discussions and in-depth interviews were held with women from the Moroccan community in both urban and provincial settings in Flanders, Belgium. Our findings indicate a preference for a partner in Belgium. Religion as opposed to ethnicity emerges as the most important attribute in a partner. Furthermore, religion is also a progressive voice in opinions on forced marriage and the virginity norm. Although forced marriages are no longer a pressing issue among the youth of the Moroccan Belgian community, the immigration legislation and policies that aim to enhance integration and tackle forced marriage and marriages of convenience appear to effectively deter women from choosing a partner from Morocco. Overall, the diasporic experience and migration context do not give rise to an increase of forced marriage among the Moroccan community; yet, arranged marriage is prevalent, even though it is on the decline