Addressing the double burden of malnutrition in Egypt: do conditional cash transfers have a role?

Many developing countries are undergoing rapid socio-economic changes that impact on health and its social distribution. These changes can occur so rapidly that there is a resulting co-existence of diseases of affluence and diseases of poverty. Priority setting for nutritional programs has focused on the alleviation of undernutrition in low income settings. However, evidence shows that in many Low-and-Middle Income Countries the prevalence of obesity among women is increasing and can coexist with childhood stunting. This dual burden of poor nutrition contributes to worsening health inequity between the poor and the rich. Global and national policy makers are looking for novel programs to replace social protection mechanisms deemed inefficient. Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) programs have emerged as an increasingly popular poverty alleviation strategy with some positive results. However, there is evidence they may have a negative impact if the complexity of transition settings is not taken into account. In this paper, we review the nutritional situation in Egypt and compare two CCT programs (Mexico and Colombia) in an attempt to identify features that would address both child undernutrition and adult overnutrition. We conclude with suggestions for design of an Egyptian CCT program that would help maximise benefit to its beneficiaries

Web server load prediction and anomaly detection from hypertext transfer protocol logs

As network traffic increases and new intrusions occur, anomaly detection solutions based on machine learning are necessary to detect previously unknown intrusion patterns. Most of the developed models require a labelled dataset, which can be challenging owing to a shortage of publicly available datasets. These datasets are often too small to effectively train machine learning models, which further motivates the use of real unlabeled traffic. By using real traffic, it is possible to more accurately simulate the types of anomalies that might occur in a real-world network and improve the performance of the detection model. We present a method able to predict and categorize anomalies without the aid of a labelled dataset, demonstrating the model’s usability while also gathering a dataset from real noisy network traffic. The proposed long short-term memory (LTSM) based intrusion detection system was tested in a real-world setting of an antivirus company and was successful in detecting various intrusions using 5-minute windowing over both the predicted and real update curves thereby demonstrating its usefulness. Our contribution was the development of a robust model generally applicable to any hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) traffic with almost real-time anomaly detection, while also outperforming earlier studies in terms of prediction accuracy

"Az Én, az ismert mérték hiányzik." Mednyánszky László jegyzetfüzeteiből

Forrásközlés Mednyánszky László a lőcsei és a pozsonyi levéltárakban található vázlatfüzeteiből

"Ezen tárgyak családi vonatkozása..." A Czóbel-Mednyánszky kör leveleiből (1888-1920)

Lábjegyzetekkel ellátott szövegközlés Mednyánszky baráti társasága, azaz Justh Zsigmond, Malonyay Dezső, Czóbel István, Pekár Gyula, Teleki Sándorné (Szikra) és mások leveleiből

Effect of maternal age on facility-based delivery: analysis of first-order births in 34 countries of sub-Saharan Africa using demographic and health survey data.

OBJECTIVES: Increasing access to skilled birth attendance, usually via childbirth in health facilities, is a key intervention to reduce maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. Yet, in some countries of sub-Saharan Africa, the uptake is <50%. Age and parity are determinants of facility-based delivery, but are strongly correlated in high fertility settings. This analysis assessed the independent effect of age on facility-based delivery by restricting to first-order births. It was hypothesised that older first-time mothers in this setting might have lower uptake of facility-based deliveries than women in the most common age groups for first birth. SETTING: The most recent Demographic and Health Surveys from 34 sub-Saharan African countries were used to assess women's delivery locations. PARTICIPANTS: 72 772 women having their first birth in the 5 years preceding the surveys were included in the analysis. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Proportions and 95% CIs of facility-based deliveries were estimated overall and by country. Multivariable logistic regression was used to calculate the odds of facility-based delivery for different maternal age groups (15-19, 20-24 and ≥25 years) for a pooled sample of all countries. RESULTS: 59.9% of women had a facility-based delivery for their first birth (95% CI 58.6 to 61.2), ranging from 19.4% in Chad to 96.6% in Rwanda. Compared with women aged 15-19 years, the adjusted odds of having a facility-based delivery for those aged 20-24 was 1.4 (95% CI 1.3 to 1.5, p<0.001) and for those aged ≥25, 1.9 (95% CI 1.6 to 2.2, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Older age at first birth was independently associated with significantly higher odds of facility-based delivery. This went against the hypothesis. Further mixed-method research is needed to explore how increased age improves uptake of facility-based delivery. Promoting facility-based delivery, while ensuring quality of care, should be prioritised to improve birth outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa

Interaction of Renewable Energy Source and Power Supply Network

Non

"Rossz kezekbe kerül." Levelek Mednyánszky utolsó éveiből és hagyatékának sorsáról

Pálmai József, Kláber Gyuláné, Czóbel Margit, Mednyánszky László és mások levelei, melyekből pontosan rekonstruálhatóak a festő utolsó bécsi évei, illetve a hagyatéki eljárás és per részletei. A levélközlés kiegészítése az Enigma 24-25-ös számában közreadott levéltári peranyagnak, amely "Szenilis jóhiszeműséggel" címmel jelent meg

Application of Rarebit Perimetry in Preperimetric Glaucoma

Цел: Да се определят диагностичните възможности на Rarebit периметрията за установяване на ранни функционални промени при първична откритоъгълна глаукома.Методи: Включени са общо 47 очи разпределени в две групи: 23 очи с предпериметрична глаукома (ППГ) и контролна група от 24 очи, изследвани чрез Rarebit периметрия (РБП) и стандартна автоматична периметрия (САП). За оценка на разликите между групите са използвани Kruskal Wallis Test, Mann-Whitney Test, Fisher's Exact Test. Чувствителността и специфичността на РБП за установяване на ранни глаукомни промени е оценена чрез ROC анализ с помощта на различни алгоритми.Резултати: Средните стойности за МНR за контролите и групата ППГ са съответно: 94.71% (SD 2.58); 87.61% (SD 4.80). Разликите в стойностите на МНR между групите са статистически значими (Мann-Whitney Test, р<О.ОО1 ). Най-висока стойността на AROC (0. 849) е постигната, когато за абнормен се приема Rarebit тест с МНR<90% при сравняване на здравите очи с тези с ППГ.Заключение: РБП е чувствителен метод спрямо дефекти в зрителното поле при препериметрична глаукома. Тестът е бърз и лесен за изпълнение.Aim: То determine the diagnostic capabilities of Rarebit perimetry for detection of early functional changes in primary open-angle glaucoma.Methods: А total of 47 eyes divided into two groups: 23 eyes with preperimetric glaucoma (PPG) and a control group of 24 eyes were examined with Rarebit perimetry (RBP) and standard automated perimetry (SAP). То evaluate the differences between the groups were used Kruskal Wallis Test, Mann-Whitney Test and Fisher's Exact Test. The sensitivity and specificity of the RBP for detection of early glaucomatous changes were evaluated by ROC analysis using different algorithms.Results: Average МНR for control and PPG group were respectively: 94.71% (SD 2.58); 87.61% (SD 4.80). Differences in МНR between the groups were statistically significant (Мann-Whitney Test, р <0.001). The highest value of AROC (0.849) was achieved when as abnormal was accepted Rarebit test with МНR <90% when comparing healthy eyes to those with PPG.Conclusion: RBP is sensitive method for visual field defects in preperimetric glaucoma. The test is quick and easy to perform

"Mindenkinek igaza van." Levelek Mednyánszkytól, Mednyánszkynak, Mednyánszkyról

Mednyánszky László lőcsei és pozsonyi levéltárakban őrzött levelezéséből Feszty Árpáddal, Jászai Marival, Czóbel Istvánnal, Wolfner Józseffel, Lyka Károllyal és másokkal. Szövegközlés, görög betűs kéziratokból kiolvasva, lábjegyzetekkel ellátva