Analysis of interfacial shrinkage stresses in patch repairs

This paper presents simple analytical expressions that predict the interfacial shrinkage stresses in a repair patch over time. Four repair materials (L2, L3, L4 and G1) were applied by spraying (gunite) to unpropped compression members of two highway structures, and their performance was monitored to approximately six months' age. The elastic moduli of all the repair materials, E rm , were greater than the elastic moduli of the substrate concrete, E sub . The mechanics of patch repair interaction with the substrate were established, and analytical models, based on an analogy of the bimetallic strip undergoing a drop in temperature, were developed. Basic properties of the repair material (elastic modulus, shrinkage and tensile creep) and substrate concrete (elastic modulus), and geometrical details of the repair patch, are required to analyse the interfacial stresses in the repair patch. Verification of the analytical procedures is based on the field data, and the results show a satisfactory correlation between the actual and predicted stress redistribution.</p

Sexual Mismatch Between Vessel-Associated Foraging and Discard Consumption in a Marine Top Predator

Sex differences in diet and foraging behaviour are common in sexually dimorphic species, often driven by differences in the cost of locomotion or ability to exploit different ecological niches. However, sex-specific foraging strategies also occur in monomorphic or slightly dimorphic species where the drivers are poorly understood. Here, we study sex differences in foraging of northern gannets (Morus bassanus), where females are only slightly heavier than males. Using concurrently tracked gannets (298 full foraging trips from 81 individuals) and fishing vessels across 5 years, we quantify individual-based vessel-associated putative foraging, and relate this to discard consumption. We found a significant positive relationship between time spent in vessel-associated foraging and discard consumption for both sexes. However, while females showed greater proportions of vessel-associated foraging than males, discarded fish contributed less to the diet of females in all years. These results contrast with previous suggestions that female gannets interact with vessels less often than males, and are consistent with competitive exclusion of females from trawler-associated discards. Our findings give insight into sexual differences in foraging behaviour in the absence of dimorphism that are necessary to predict their response to environmental and anthropogenic changes

Control of Grain-Boundary Pinning in Al 2 O 3 /ZrO 2 Composites with Ce 3+ /Ce 4+ Doping

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/65897/1/j.1151-2916.1992.tb04147.x.pd

Chapter 9.: The complexity of open spaces at Çatalhöyük

FGW – Publications not associated with a particular research are

Sintering and compensation effect of donor and acceptor codoped 3 mol% Y 2 O 3 -ZrO 2

Addition of 0.15–0.5 mol% acceptor oxide, Al 2 O 3 , to 3 mol% Y 2 O 3 -ZrO 2 results in enhanced densification at 1350°C. The enhancement is accounted for by a liquid phase sintering mechanism. While the addition of donor oxide, Ta 2 O 5 , of 0.15–2.5 mol% at 1300–1600°C results in the decrease of final density and in the destabilization of the tetragonal (t) phase of the 3 mol% Y 2 O 3 -t-ZrO 2 (TZP). X-ray diffractometry (XRD) reveals that the Ta 2 O 5 -added 3 mol% Y 2 O 3 -ZrO 2 contains monoclinic (m) ZrO 2 phase and a second Ta 2 Zr 6 O 17 phase. The decrease is attributed to the increase of m-ZrO 2 content in these samples. Complete phase transformation from t-ZrO 2 to m-ZrO 2 observed in samples added with 2.5 mol% Ta 2 O 5 is interpreted by the compensation effect based on donor and acceptor codoping defect chemistry.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/44737/1/10853_2004_Article_BF00356138.pd

The response of glass window systems to blast loadings: An overview

The failure of glass windows in terrorist bombing attacks and accidental explosion incidents has been cited as one of the major causes to the vast casualties. Many studies have been carried out to investigate the response and vulnerability of glass windows against blast loadings. These include laboratory and field tests that have been carried out to experimentally study glass window performance under explosion scenarios and development of analytical and numerical models to analyze and predict glass window responses. This article reviews literatures on the studies of the response of glass window systems to blast loadings. Over 100 papers and documents that are available in the open literature are reviewed. The background and history of the studies on the topic are also briefed. Understandings about the dynamic material properties of glass and available material models are summarized. Popularly used analysis methods and design standards for monolithic and laminated glass windows are outlined, and their accuracies are discussed. Recent studies including analytical solution, numerical simulation, and experimental investigations on glass window systems are summarized. Mitigation measures for blast-resistant windows are also briefly discussed

Visitor expenditure estimation for grocery store location planning: a case study of Cornwall

Visitor expenditure is an important driver of demand in many local economies, supporting a range of services and facilities which may not be viable based solely on residential demand. In areas where self-catering accommodation is prevalent visitor demand makes up a considerable proportion of sales and revenue within grocery stores, yet this form of visitor consumption is commonly overlooked in supply and demand-side estimates of visitor spend. As such, store location planning in tourist resorts, decisions about local service provision and the local economic impacts of tourism are based on very limited demand-side estimates of visitor spend. Using Cornwall, South West England as a study area, we outline a methodology and data sources to estimate small-area visitor grocery spend. We use self-catering accommodation provision, utilisation and visitor expenditure rates as key factors driving visitor spend. We identify that the use of visitor accommodation accounts for the spatial and temporal complexities of visitor demand that may be overlooked when using alternative approaches, such as the up-scaling of residential demand. Using a spatial interaction model, we demonstrate that our expenditure estimates can be used to generate store level revenue estimation within tourist resorts, and we make a number of recommendations for service provision and store location planning in these areas

Sintering and compensation effect of donor- and acceptor-codoped 3mol% Y 2 O 3 -ZrO 2

Addition of ∼0.15–0.5 mol% acceptor oxide, Al 2 O 3 , to 3 mol% Y 2 O 3 -ZrO 2 results in enhanced densification at 1350 °C. The enhancement is accounted for by a liquid phase sintering mechanism. The addition of donor oxide, Ta 2 O 5 , of 0.15–2.5 mol % at 1300–1600 °C results in the destabilization of tetragonal (t-) phase and the decrease of final density in 3 mol% Y 2 O 3 -TZP (tetragonal ZrO 2 polycrystals). X-ray diffractometry (XRD) reveals that the Ta 2 O 5 -added 3 mol% Y 2 O 3 -ZrO 2 contains monoclinic (m-) ZrO 2 and a second phase of Ta 2 Zr 6 O 17 . The decreasing in final density is attributed to the increase of m-ZrO 2 content. Complete destabilization of t-ZrO 2 to m-ZrO 2 in samples added with 2.5 mol% Ta 2 O 5 is interpreted by the compensation effect based on donor- and acceptor-codoping defect chemistry.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/44714/1/10853_2005_Article_BF01166021.pd