685 research outputs found
Sixty GHz IMPATT diode development
The objective of this program is to develop 60 GHz GaAs IMPATT Diodes suitable for communications applications. The performance goal of the 60 GHz IMPATT is 1W CW output power with a conversion efficiency of 15 percent and 10 year life time. During the course of the program, double drift (DD) GaAs IMPATT Diodes have been developed resulting in the state of the art performance at V band frequencies. A CW output power of 1.12 W was demonstrated at 51.9 GHz with 9.7 percent efficiency. The best conversion efficiency achieved was 15.3 percent. V band DD GaAs IMPATTs were developed using both small signal and large signal analyses. GaAs wafers of DD flat, DD hybrid, and DD Read profiles using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) were developed with excellent doping profile control. Wafer evaluation was routinely made by the capacitance versus voltage (C-V) measurement. Ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) analysis was also used for more detailed profile evaluation
Improved observer dependent perception of weak edges when scanning an image in real time indicated by introducing 1/f noise into the primary visual cortex V1. Theory and experimental support
We present results of a new process for generating 1/f type noise sequences and introducing the noise in the primary visual cortex which then enables improved perception of weak edges when an observer is scanning a complex image in real time to detect detail such as in mammogram reading sessions. It can be explained by an adaptation of information theory for functional rather than previous task-based methods for formulating processes for edge formation in early vision. This is enabled from a two "species" classification of the interaction of opposing on-centre and off-centre neuron processes. We show that non-stationary stochastic resonances predicted by theory can occur with 1/f noise in the primary visual cortex V1 and suggest that signalling exchanges between V1 and the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of the thalamus can initiate neural activity for saccadic action (and observer attention) for weak edge perception. Improvements predicted by our theory were shown from 600 observations by two groups of observers of limited experience and an experienced radiologist for reference (but not for diagnosis). They scanned and rated the definition of microcalcification in clusters separately rated by the experienced radiologist. The results and supporting theory showed dependence on the observer's attention and orderly scanning. Using a compact simplified equipment configuration the methodology has important clinical applications for conjunction searches of features and for detection of objects in poor light conditions for vehicles. Copyright © 2009 ACPSEM
Frequency analysis of the first-overtone RR Lyrae stars based on the Extended Aperture Photometry from the K2 data
Additional low-amplitude signals are observed in many RR Lyrae stars, beside
the pulsations in radial modes. The most common ones are short-period signals
forming a period ratio of around 0.60--0.65 with the first overtone, or
long-period signals forming a period ratio of around 0.68. The RR Lyrae stars
may also exhibit quasi-periodic modulation of the light curves, known as the
Blazhko effect. We used the extensive sample of the first-overtone RR Lyrae
stars observed by the Kepler telescope during the K2 mission to search for and
characterize these low-amplitude additional signals. K2 data provides
space-based photometry for a statistically significant sample. Hence this data
is excellent to study in detail pulsation properties of RR Lyrae stars. We used
K2 space-based photometry for RR Lyrae candidates from Campaigns 0-19. We
selected RR Lyrae stars pulsating in the first overtone and performed a
frequency analysis for each star to characterize their frequency contents. We
classified 452 stars as first-overtone RR Lyrae. From that sample, we selected
281 RR stars, 67 RR stars, and 68 Blazhko stars. We found
particularly interesting stars which show all of the above phenomena
simultaneously. We detected signals in RR stars that form period
ratios lower than observed for the majority of stars. These signals likely form
a new sequence in the Petersen diagram, around a period ratio of 0.60. In 32
stars we detected additional signals that form a period ratio close to that
expected in RRd stars, but the classification of these stars as RRd is
uncertain. We also report a discovery of additional signals in eight stars that
form a new group in the Petersen diagram around the period ratio of
0.465-0.490. The nature of this periodicity remains unknown.Comment: 29 pages, 29 figures, 4 tables, accepted for publication in A&A, full
tables are available upon request before publicatio
Preparation of delafossite CuFeO2 thin films by rf-sputtering on conventional glass substrate
CuFeO2 CuFeO2 is a delafossite-type compound and is a well known p-type semiconductor. The growth of delafossite CuFeO2 thin films on conventional glass substrate by radio-frequency sputtering is reported. The deposition, performed at room temperature leads to an amorphous phase with extremely low roughness and high density. The films consisted of a well crystallized delafossite CuFeO2 after heat treatment at 450 °C in inert atmosphere. The electrical conductivity of the film was 1 mS/cm. The direct optical band gap was estimated to be 2 eV
An ultrastable silicon cavity in a continuously operating closed-cycle cryostat at 4 K
We report on a laser locked to a silicon cavity operating continuously at 4 K
with instability and a median linewidth of 17 mHz at 1542
nm. This is a ten-fold improvement in short-term instability, and a
improvement in linewidth, over previous sub-10 K systems. Operating at low
temperatures reduces the thermal noise floor, and thus is advantageous toward
reaching an instability of , a long-sought goal of the optical clock
community. The performance of this system demonstrates the technical readiness
for the development of the next generation of ultrastable lasers that operate
with ultranarrow linewidth and long-term stability without user intervention.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Full phase stabilization of a Yb:fiber femtosecond frequency comb via high-bandwidth transducers
We present full phase stabilization of an amplified Yb:fiber femtosecond
frequency comb using an intra-cavity electro-optic modulator and an
acousto-optic modulator. These transducers provide high servo bandwidths of 580
kHz and 250 kHz for frep and fceo, producing a robust and low phase noise fiber
frequency comb. The comb was self-referenced with an f - 2f interferometer and
phase locked to an ultra-stable optical reference used for the JILA Sr optical
clock at 698 nm, exhibiting 0.21 rad and 0.47 rad of integrated phase errors
(over 1 mHz - 1 MHz) respectively. Alternatively, the comb was locked to two
optical references at 698 nm and 1064 nm, obtaining 0.43 rad and 0.14 rad of
integrated phase errors respectively
Corpora in Text-Based Russian Studies
This chapter focuses on textual data that are collected for a specific purpose, which are usually referred to as corpora. Scholars use corpora when they examine existing instances of a certain phenomenon or to conduct systematic quantitative analyses of occurrences, which in turn reflect habits, attitudes, opinions, or trends. For these contexts, it is extremely useful to combine different approaches. For example, a linguist might analyze the frequency of a certain buzzword, whereas a scholar in the political, cultural, or sociological sciences might attempt to explain the change in language usage from the data in question.Peer reviewe
A Laboratory Model of a Hydrogen/Oxygen Engine for Combustion and Nozzle Studies
A small laboratory diagnostic thruster was developed to augment present low thrust chemical rocket optical and heat flux diagnostics at the NASA Lewis Research Center. The objective of this work was to evaluate approaches for the use of temperature and pressure sensors for the investigation of low thrust rocket flow fields. The nominal engine thrust was 110 N. Tests were performed at chamber pressures of about 255 kPa, 370 kPa, and 500 kPa with oxidizer to fuel mixture ratios between 4.0 and 8.0. Two gaseous hydrogen/gaseous oxygen injector designs were tested with 60 percent and 75 percent fuel film cooling. The thruster and instrumentation designs were proven to be effective via hot fire testing. The thruster diagnostics provided inner wall temperature and static pressure measurements which were compared to the thruster global performance data. For several operating conditions, the performance data exhibited unexpected trends which were correlated with changes in the axial wall temperature distribution. Azimuthal temperature distributions were found to be a function of operating conditions and hardware configuration. The static pressure profiles showed that no severe pressure gradients were present in the rocket. The results indicated that small differences in injector design can result in dramatically different thruster performance and wall temperature behavior, but that these injector effects may be overshadowed by operating at a high fuel film cooling rate
Shutdown of achaete-scute homolog-1 expression by heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP)-A2/B1 in hypoxia
The basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor hASH1, encoded by the ASCL1 gene, plays an important role in neurogenesis and tumor development. Recent findings indicate that the local oxygen tension is a critical determinant for the progression of neuroblastomas. Here we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the oxygen-dependent expression of hASH1 in neuroblastoma cells. Exposure of human neuroblastoma-derived Kelly cells to 1% O2 significantly decreased ASCL1 mRNA and hASH1 protein levels. Using reporter gene assays, we show that the response of hASH1 to hypoxia is mediated mainly by post-transcriptional inhibition via the ASCL1 mRNA 5'- and 3'-UTRs, while additional inhibition of the ASCL1 promoter was observed under prolonged hypoxia. By RNA pull-down experiments followed by MALDI/TOF-MS analysis, we identified heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP)-A2/B1 and hnRNP-R as interactors binding directly to the ASCL1 mRNA 5'- and 3'-UTRs and influencing its expression. We further demonstrate that hnRNP-A2/B1 is a key positive regulator of ASCL1, findings that were also confirmed by analysis of a large compilation of gene expression data. Our data suggest that a prominent down-regulation of hnRNP-A2/B1 during hypoxia is associated with the post-transcriptional suppression of hASH1 synthesis. This novel post-transcriptional mechanism for regulating hASH1 levels will have important implications in neural cell fate development and disease
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