3,722 research outputs found
Alien Registration- Perry, Benjamin (Westbrook, Cumberland County)
https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/20094/thumbnail.jp
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The Relationship between Cardiometabolic Disorders and Schizophrenia: From Early-Life Origins to the Development of a Cardiometabolic Risk Prediction Algorithm for Young People with Psychosis
My thesis considers the theme of comorbidity between cardiometabolic disorders and schizophrenia
by focussing on three key aspects: the nature of association between cardiometabolic disorders and
schizophrenia; the potential for common underlying biological mechanisms for the comorbidity; and
the prediction of cardiometabolic risk in young adults with psychosis.
On the nature of association between cardiometabolic disorders and schizophrenia, using longitudinal
repeat measure data from a large birth cohort, I found that disruption to glucose-insulin homeostasis
through childhood/adolescence is associated with increased risk of psychosis in early-adulthood; may
not be fully explained by common sociodemographic and lifestyle factors; and may be specific to it.
On the mechanisms of association between cardiometabolic disorders and schizophrenia, I used a
range of genetic and observational epidemiological methods to examine whether inflammation and
shared genetic liability may be common underlying biological mechanisms for the comorbidity.
Using birth cohort data, I show that genetic risk for type 2 diabetes is associated with psychosis-risk
in adulthood, and vice versa. I also show that genetic risk for type 2 diabetes may influence psychosis
risk by increasing systemic inflammation. Using summary data from large genome-wide association
studies (GWAS), I show a thread of evidence for shared genetic overlap between schizophrenia,
cardiometabolic and inflammatory traits. Finally, using Mendelian randomization, I show evidence
supporting that inflammation may be a common cause for insulin resistance and schizophrenia.
On the prediction of cardiometabolic risk in young adults with psychosis, I performed a systematic
review of cardiometabolic risk prediction algorithms and explored their predictive performance in a
sample of young people at risk of developing psychosis. In doing so, I show that none are likely to
be suitable for this population. Then, using patient data, I developed and externally validated the
Psychosis Metabolic Risk Calculator (PsyMetRiC), the first cardiometabolic risk prediction
algorithm specifically tailored for young people with psychosis.
Together, my work suggests that cardiometabolic disorders and schizophrenia share aetiologic
mechanisms, namely inflammation and shared genetic liability. I have shown that it is possible to
accurately predict cardiometabolic risk in young people with psychosis using a tool tailored for the
population. Such tools can in future become valuable resources for clinicians to reduce the risk of
long-term cardiometabolic morbidity and mortality in people with schizophrenia.National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Doctoral Research Fellowshi
Toward an Afrofuturist Landscape: A Refutation of the Deceptive Aesthetics of Spatial Violence in Wynberg, Cape Town
Statement of Purpose: This essay represents a continuation of work that I was fortunate enough to be able to begin while I was studying abroad at the University of Cape Town in South Africa during the spring 2022 semester. Beyond this, however, this paper represents an exploratory dive into the spatial humanities, particularly with regard to architecture, history, and landscape–an interest of mine that has developed (and which I hope to pursue more [in/ex]tensively in my graduate studies) as I have had the opportunity to learn from Professor Walter Greason, one of my mentors here at Macalester College. Throughout this work, I weave together anecdote and a broad host of theory in order to expose insidious spatial violences I saw and moved throughout during my time in South Africa, and to consider what alternative negotiations of space–which I also witnessed–refute these violences. Finally, I would be remiss if I did not acknowledge that this essay, as is the case with all writing, is a fundamentally collaborative project: I would not have been able to complete it if not for the support and brilliance of those who I have been fortunate enough to work with and learn from. I am indescribably grateful for my peers in the senior seminar; for my mentors at Macalester College (Professors Walter Greason and Duchess Harris; and Hana Dinku) and the University of Cape Town (Drs. Shari Daya and Natasha Vally); and for all of my family and close friends
Companions to peculiar red giants: HR 363 and HR 1105
Recent IUE observations of two Tc-deficient S-type peculiar red giants that are also spectroscopic binaries, HR 363 and HR 1105 are reported. A 675 min SWP exposure of HR 363 shows emission lines of O I 1304 and Si II 1812 and a trace of continuum. Compared to the M giants, the far UV flux may be relatively larger, indicating a possible contribution from a white dwarf companion, but no high temperature emission lines are seen to indicate that this is an interacting system where mass-transfer recently occurred. However, HR 1105 appears to have a highly variable UV companion. In 1982, no UV flux was discerned for this system, but by 1986 C IV was strong, increasing by a factor of 3 in 1987 with prominent lines of Si III, C III, O III, Si IV, and N V. Using orbital parameters, these observations are consistent with high activity occuring when the side of the S-star primary illuminated by the companion faces the Earth, but since the IUE data were taken over 3 orbits, a secular change in the UV component cannot be excluded
The Use of Transposon Insertion Sequencing to Interrogate the Core Functional Genome of the Legume Symbiont Rhizobium leguminosarum
The Mason-Alberta Phonetic Segmenter: A forced alignment system based on deep neural networks and interpolation
Forced alignment systems automatically determine boundaries between segments
in speech data, given an orthographic transcription. These tools are
commonplace in phonetics to facilitate the use of speech data that would be
infeasible to manually transcribe and segment. In the present paper, we
describe a new neural network-based forced alignment system, the Mason-Alberta
Phonetic Segmenter (MAPS). The MAPS aligner serves as a testbed for two
possible improvements we pursue for forced alignment systems. The first is
treating the acoustic model in a forced aligner as a tagging task, rather than
a classification task, motivated by the common understanding that segments in
speech are not truly discrete and commonly overlap. The second is an
interpolation technique to allow boundaries more precise than the common 10 ms
limit in modern forced alignment systems. We compare configurations of our
system to a state-of-the-art system, the Montreal Forced Aligner. The tagging
approach did not generally yield improved results over the Montreal Forced
Aligner. However, a system with the interpolation technique had a 27.92%
increase relative to the Montreal Forced Aligner in the amount of boundaries
within 10 ms of the target on the test set. We also reflect on the task and
training process for acoustic modeling in forced alignment, highlighting how
the output targets for these models do not match phoneticians' conception of
similarity between phones and that reconciliation of this tension may require
rethinking the task and output targets or how speech itself should be
segmented.Comment: submitted for publicatio
Capacity Assessment and Information Provision for Voluntary Psychiatric Patients: a service evaluation in a UK NHS Trust
Since the Cheshire West judgement, yearly applications for the Mental Health Act (MHA) and Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards (DoLS) have increased, though many patients are still admitted informally. To ensure lawfulness, informal admissions must be capacitous, informed, and without coercion. If fully capacitous consent is not obtained, then there is a risk of “de facto” detention and deprivation of liberty. Deprivation of liberty is only lawful through appropriate legal frameworks (DoLS for incapacitous, non-objecting hospital inpatients, or MHA otherwise). Use of such legal frameworks might be hampered by the perceived stigma associated with them, though this may not be in the best interests of the patient.We aimed to examine the assessment of capacity and provision of adequate information required for an informed voluntary psychiatric admission, and any evidence of possible coercion into informal admission. We postulate variable use of legal frameworks designed to empower patients and prevent illegal deprivation of liberty
The Hall of Mirrors Perceptions and Misperceptions in the Congressional Foreign Policy Process
Explores several factors related to an inconsistency in the voting record by the U.S. Congress on foreign policy issues, compared with the position taken by the public, administration officials, and leaders in business, labor, media, and education
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