Reinvigorating Old Ties: China and Latin America in the Tweny-First Century

Latin American Studie

A nilpotent group without local functional equations for pro-isomorphic subgroups

The pro-isomorphic zeta function of a torsion-free finitely generated nilpotent group G enumerates finite index subgroups H such that H and G have isomorphic profinite completions. It admits an Euler product decomposition, indexed by the rational primes. We manufacture the first example of a torsion-free finitely generated nilpotent group G such that the local Euler factors of its pro-isomorphic zeta function do not satisfy functional equations. The group G has nilpotency class 4 and Hirsch length 25. It is obtained, via the Malcev correspondence, from a Z-Lie lattice L with a suitable algebraic automorphism group Aut(L).Comment: 16 page

Recent advances in 3D printing of biomaterials.

3D Printing promises to produce complex biomedical devices according to computer design using patient-specific anatomical data. Since its initial use as pre-surgical visualization models and tooling molds, 3D Printing has slowly evolved to create one-of-a-kind devices, implants, scaffolds for tissue engineering, diagnostic platforms, and drug delivery systems. Fueled by the recent explosion in public interest and access to affordable printers, there is renewed interest to combine stem cells with custom 3D scaffolds for personalized regenerative medicine. Before 3D Printing can be used routinely for the regeneration of complex tissues (e.g. bone, cartilage, muscles, vessels, nerves in the craniomaxillofacial complex), and complex organs with intricate 3D microarchitecture (e.g. liver, lymphoid organs), several technological limitations must be addressed. In this review, the major materials and technology advances within the last five years for each of the common 3D Printing technologies (Three Dimensional Printing, Fused Deposition Modeling, Selective Laser Sintering, Stereolithography, and 3D Plotting/Direct-Write/Bioprinting) are described. Examples are highlighted to illustrate progress of each technology in tissue engineering, and key limitations are identified to motivate future research and advance this fascinating field of advanced manufacturing

Detached from their homeland: the Latter-day Saints of Chihuahua, Mexico

Over the past few decades, the homeland concept has received an ever-increasing amount of attention by cultural geographers. While the debate surrounding the necessity and applicability of the concept continues, it is more than apparent that no other geographic term (including culture areas or culture regions) captures the essence of peoples’ attachment to place better than homeland. The literature, however, provides few examples of the deep-seated loyalty people have for a homeland despite being physically detached from that space. Employing land use mapping and informal interviews, this paper seeks to help fill that gap by exemplifying how the daily lives of Mormons living in Chihuahua, Mexico reflect their connection to the United States and the Mormon Homeland. Our research revealed that, among other things, the Anglo residents perpetuate their cultural identity through their unique self-reference, exhibit territoriality links reflected in their built environment, and demonstrate unconditional bonding to their homeland through certain holiday celebrations. It is clear to us, as the Anglo-Mormon experience illustrates, that the homeland concept deserves a place within the geographic lexicon

On pro-isomorphic zeta functions of D∗D^*-groups of even Hirsch length

Pro-isomorphic zeta functions of finitely generated nilpotent groups form one of the group-theoretic generalisations of the Riemann zeta functions. They are Dirichlet generating functions enumerating finite-index subgroups whose profinite completion is isomorphic to that of the ambient group. We study pro-isomorphic zeta functions of $D^*$-groups; these form the building blocks of finitely generated class two nilpotent groups with centre of rank two, up to commensurability. These groups were classified by Grunewald and Segal, and can be indexed by primary polynomials whose companion matrices define commutator relations. We provide a key step towards the elucidation of the pro-isomorphic zeta functions of $D^*$-groups of even Hirsch length by describing the automorphism groups of the associated graded Lie rings. Utilizing this description of the automorphism groups, we calculate the local pro-isomorphic zeta functions of groups associated to the polynomials $x^2$ and $x^3$. In both cases, the local zeta functions are uniform in the prime~$p$ and satisfy functional equations.Comment: 29 page