Lire la fabrique urbaine d'Angers du IIIe au XIIIe siècle

National audienceReading the urban fabric of Angers from the 3rd to the 13th century. Analysis of the urban fabric is based on the premise that the city stems from modes of interrelationship between a space and a social group. The co-presence and interactions of a society with a space create as many spatial practices and territories as we can identify groups in action. The study of these interactions highlights the different conceptions that the actors have of their surroundings. Analysis of the urban fabric requires incorporation of the time dimension, thus allowing consideration of the long term, and consequently dynamics. Implementation of all available sources is necessary. Following processing to render information comparable, data is analyzed from several viewpoints, each documenting some aspect of urban materiality. Two types of graphic modeling are proposed as means of comparing all data with the aim of understanding and explaining the city's dynamics.L'analyse de la fabrique urbaine pose le postulat selon lequel la ville est issue de l'interrelation entre un espace et un groupe social selon des modalités particulières. La coprésence et les interactions d'une société avec un espace créent autant de pratiques spatiales et autant de territoires que l'on peut identifier de groupes en action. L'étude de ces interactions met en évidence les différentes conceptions que les acteurs ont de leur cadre. L'analyse de la fabrique urbaine demande d'intégrer la dimension temporelle, ce qui permet de réfléchir dans la longue durée, donc sur la dynamique. La mise en œuvre de l'ensemble des sources est nécessaire. Après un traitement rendant les informations comparables entre elles, ces données sont analysées selon plusieurs aspects documentant chacun un volet de la matérialité urbaine. Deux types de modélisations graphiques sont proposés comme moyens de confronter l'ensemble des données pour comprendre et expliquer la dynamique de la ville

Des mots de la ville aux territoires de la ville. Le vocabulaire spatial d'Angers (VIIIe-XIIe siècles)

National audienceUn des moyens d'étudier l'espace d'une ville est de s'intéresser à la manière dont sa société parle de ses territoires. Chaque mot employé dans les sources a une acception propre à son émetteur qui recouvre des réalités spécifiques. Une analyse fine des termes récolés dans les sources écrites par acteur et par période met en évidence les transformations des représentations spatiales de la société. Dans le cas d'Angers, nous pouvons nous pencher sur trois concepts : le doublet civitas/urbs et suburbium, soit respectivement l'agglomération dans son ensemble et sa périphérie. La comparaison des rythmes d'usages et de changement d'acception met en évidence des rythmes différents en fonction des acteurs. Civitas et urbs connaissent ainsi un renversement d'usage à la fois chez le comte et l'évêque. À partir de l'examen de ces termes, on peut modéliser les territoires perçus par les acteurs dans l'espace angevin et comprendre comment ceux-ci se sont construit leurs représentations du monde

Toward a new axiomatic for hyper-connections

International audienceWe propose an evolution of the hyper-connection axiomatic in order to improve the consistency of hyper-connected filters and to simplify their design. Our idea relies on the principle that the decomposition of an image into h-components must be necessary and sufficient. We propose a set of three equivalent axioms to achieve this goal. We show that an existing h-connection already fulfills these axioms and we propose a new h-connection based on flat functions that also fulfills these axioms. Finally we show that these new axioms bring several new interesting properties that simplify the use of h-connections and guarantee the consistency of h-connected filters as they ensure that: 1) every deletion of image components will effectively modify the filtered image 2) a deleted component can not reappear in the filtered image

From hyperconnections to hypercomponent tree: Application to document image binarization

International audienceIn this paper, we propose an extension of the component tree based on at zones to hyperconnections (h-connections). The tree is dened by a special order on the h-connection and allows non at nodes. We apply this method to a particular fuzzy h-connection and we give an ecient algorithm to transform the component tree into the new fuzzy h-component tree. Finally, we propose a method to binarize document images based on the h-component tree and we evaluate it on the DIBCO 2009 benchmarking dataset: our novel method places rst or second according to the dierent evaluation measures. Hierarchical and tree based representations have become very topical in image processing. In particular, the component tree (or Max-Tree) has been the subject of many studies and practical works. Nevertheless, the component tree inherits the weaknesses of the at zone approach, namely its high sensitivity to noise, gradients and diculty to manage disconnected objects. Even if some solutions have been proposed to preserve the component tree [5, 4], it seems that a more general framework for grayscale component tree [1] based on non at zones becomes necessary. In this article, we propose a method to design grayscale component tree based on h-connections. The h-connection theory has been proposed in [7] and developed in [1, 3, 4, 8, 9]. It provides a general denition of the notion of connected component in arbitrary lattices. In Sec. 2, we present the h-connection theory and a method to generate a related hierarchical representation. This method is applied to a fuzzy h-connection in Sec. 3 where an algorithm is given to transform a Max-Tree into the new grayscale component tree. In Sec. 4, we illustrate the interest of this tree with an application on document image binarization. 2 H-component Tree This section presents the basis of the h-connection theory [7, 1] and gives a denition of the h-component tree. The construction of the tree is based on the z-zones [1] of the h-connection, together with a special partial ordering. Z-zones are particular regions where all points generate the same set of hyperconnected (h-connected) components and the entire image can be divided into such zones. Under a given condition, the Hasse diagram obtained in this way is acyclic and provides a tree representation. Let L be a complete lattice furnished with the partial ordering ≤, the inmum , the supremum. The least element of L is denoted by ⊥ = L. We assume the existence of a sup-generatin

Connected component trees for multivariate image processing applications in astronomy

International audienceIn this paper, we investigate the possibilities offered by the extension of the connected component trees (cc-trees) to multivariate images. We propose a general framework for image processing using the cc-tree based on the lattice theory and we discuss the possible applications depending on the properties of the underlying ordered set. This theoretical reflexion is illustrated by two applications in mul-tispectral astronomical imaging: source separation and object detection

Join, select, and insert: efficient out-of-core algorithms for hierarchical segmentation trees

Binary Partition Hierarchies (BPH) and minimum spanning trees are fundamental data structures involved in hierarchical analysis such as quasi-flat zones or watershed. However, classical BPH construction algorithms require to have the whole data in memory, which prevent the processing of large images that cannot fit entirely in the main memory of the computer. To cope with this problem, an algebraic framework leading to a high level calculus was introduced allowing an out-of-core computation of BPHs. This calculus relies on three operations: select, join, and insert. In this article, we introduce three efficient algorithms to perform these operations providing pseudo-code and complexity analysis

Multi-species summer cover crop in protected vegetable systems (DiverIMPACTS Practice Abstract)

This cover crop mixture provides biomass which is crushed and incorporated into the soil. Benefits include improved organic matter and soil structure, reduced risk of nitrogen leaching (the C/N ratio of the cover crop ranges from 10 to 40) and improved weed, pest and disease management. Cover crop mixture botanical families should differ from that of the vegetables to increase rotation diversity and contribute to the management of soilborne pathogens

Genomic Expansion of Magnetotactic Bacteria Reveals an Early Common Origin of Magnetotaxis with Lineage-specific Evolution

The origin and evolution of magnetoreception, which in diverse prokaryotes and protozoa is known as magnetotaxis and enables these microorganisms to detect Earth’s magnetic field for orientation and navigation, is not well understood in evolutionary biology. The only known prokaryotes capable of sensing the geomagnetic field are magnetotactic bacteria (MTB), motile microorganisms that biomineralize intracellular, membrane-bounded magnetic single-domain crystals of either magnetite (Fe3O4) or greigite (Fe3S4) called magnetosomes. Magnetosomes are responsible for magnetotaxis in MTB. Here we report the first large-scale metagenomic survey of MTB from both northern and southern hemispheres combined with 28 genomes from uncultivated MTB. These genomes expand greatly the coverage of MTB in the Proteobacteria, Nitrospirae, and Omnitrophica phyla, and provide the first genomic evidence of MTB belonging to the Zetaproteobacteria and “Candidatus Lambdaproteobacteria” classes. The gene content and organization of magnetosome gene clusters, which are physically grouped genes that encode proteins for magnetosome biosynthesis and organization, are more conserved within phylogenetically similar groups than between different taxonomic lineages. Moreover, the phylogenies of core magnetosome proteins form monophyletic clades. Together, these results suggest a common ancient origin of iron-based (Fe3O4 and Fe3S4) magnetotaxis in the domain Bacteria that underwent lineage-specific evolution, shedding new light on the origin and evolution of biomineralization and magnetotaxis, and expanding significantly the phylogenomic representation of MTB

Classical pathway activity C3c, C4 and C1-inhibitor protein reference intervals determination in EDTA plasma

Introduction: Reference intervals (RIs) for complement assays in EDTA plasma samples have not previously been published. The objectives of the present study were to validate and/or determine RIs for classical pathway (CP50) activity and C3c, C4 and C1 inhibitor protein (C1INH) assays and to assess the need for age-specific RIs in EDTA plasma. Materials and methods: We retrospectively evaluated a cohort of 387 patients attending our university hospital and known to be free of complement- modifying diseases. The need for age partitioning was assessed and RIs were calculated according to the CLSI protocol. Results: No need for age partitioning was evidenced for CP50 activity, C3c and C4 concentrations and RIs (90% CI) were calculated from the pooled data: 35.4 (33.1-37.2) to 76.3 (73.7-83.6) U/mL for CP50 activity, 0.80 (0.75-0.87) to 1.64 (1.59-1.72) g/L for C3c, and 0.12 (0.10-0.14) to 0.38 (0.36- 0.40) g/L for C4. Our results highlight a positive association between age and C1INH concentrations. We derived 3 age partitions (6 months to 30 years, 30-50 and > 50 years) and the related RIs: 0.20 (0.18-0.21) to 0.38 (0.36-0.40) g/L, 0.22 (0.20-0.24) to 0.39 (0.36-0.41) g/L and 0.25 (0.22-0.27) to 0.41 (0.40-0.43) g/L, respectively). Conclusions: The newly determined RIs for CP50 activity were higher than those provided by the manufacturer for EDTA plasma samples, whereas those for C3c and C4 RIs were similar to the values provided for serum samples. The C1INH concentration and activity were found to be associated with age and age-specific RIs are mandatory for this analyte