26 research outputs found

    Desarrollo en Flash de un simulador para el estudio-aprendizaje individualizado en las clases prácticas de la Anatomía Clínica del Tórax

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    Memoria ID-102. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2019-2020.[Es] Este proyecto tiene como objetivo el desarrollo de una aplicación en flash que permita al estudiante seguir un proceso de aprendizaje durante las prácticas de Anatomía del Tóra

    Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the Largest HIV-1 CRF02_AG Outbreak in Spain: Evidence for Onward Transmissions

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    Background and Aim: The circulating recombinant form 02_AG (CRF02_AG) is the predominant clade among the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) non-Bs with a prevalence of 5.97% (95% Confidence Interval-CI: 5.41–6.57%) across Spain. Our aim was to estimate the levels of regional clustering for CRF02_AG and the spatiotemporal characteristics of the largest CRF02_AG subepidemic in Spain.Methods: We studied 396 CRF02_AG sequences obtained from HIV-1 diagnosed patients during 2000–2014 from 10 autonomous communities of Spain. Phylogenetic analysis was performed on the 391 CRF02_AG sequences along with all globally sampled CRF02_AG sequences (N = 3,302) as references. Phylodynamic and phylogeographic analysis was performed to the largest CRF02_AG monophyletic cluster by a Bayesian method in BEAST v1.8.0 and by reconstructing ancestral states using the criterion of parsimony in Mesquite v3.4, respectively.Results: The HIV-1 CRF02_AG prevalence differed across Spanish autonomous communities we sampled from (p < 0.001). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 52.7% of the CRF02_AG sequences formed 56 monophyletic clusters, with a range of 2–79 sequences. The CRF02_AG regional dispersal differed across Spain (p = 0.003), as suggested by monophyletic clustering. For the largest monophyletic cluster (subepidemic) (N = 79), 49.4% of the clustered sequences originated from Madrid, while most sequences (51.9%) had been obtained from men having sex with men (MSM). Molecular clock analysis suggested that the origin (tMRCA) of the CRF02_AG subepidemic was in 2002 (median estimate; 95% Highest Posterior Density-HPD interval: 1999–2004). Additionally, we found significant clustering within the CRF02_AG subepidemic according to the ethnic origin.Conclusion: CRF02_AG has been introduced as a result of multiple introductions in Spain, following regional dispersal in several cases. We showed that CRF02_AG transmissions were mostly due to regional dispersal in Spain. The hot-spot for the largest CRF02_AG regional subepidemic in Spain was in Madrid associated with MSM transmission risk group. The existence of subepidemics suggest that several spillovers occurred from Madrid to other areas. CRF02_AG sequences from Hispanics were clustered in a separate subclade suggesting no linkage between the local and Hispanic subepidemics

    Comparación de la eficacia de dos sales de selenio en la prevención de su deficiencia en corderos

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    En este trabajo se compara, mediante la determinación de la actividad sanguínea de la glutatión peroxidasa (GSHPx), la eficacia del selenita sódico y del seleniato de bario en la prevención de la deficiencia de selenio en corderos. Para ello, se han utilizado tres lotes de 20 corderos cada uno. El primero formado por animales procedentes de madres tratadas, antes de la cubrición, con 1 mg de selenio/k.p.v., en forma de seleniato de bario; el segundo constituido por corderos que recibieron 0,080 mg de selenio/k.p.v., como selenita sódico después del nacimiento y, el tercero, no tratado y que se consideró como control. Los resultados obtenidos indican que existen diferencias significativas entre los tres loses y, que la mayor actividad, se registra en los animales tratados con seleniato de bario. De lo que se puede concluir que ambos productos, con las pautas y dosis indicadas resultan ser eficaces.The efficacy of sodium selenite in the prevention against the selenium deficiency in lambs is compared to the use of barium selenate in this work. This comparison was made by means of blood glutathione peroxidase activity determination. Three groups of 20 lambs were used. Group A: lambs from ewes injected barium selenate (1 mg Se/kilo live weight). Group B: lambs injected sodium selenite (0,080 mg Se/kilo live weight). Group C: not treated, control. Statistical apraisal of data revealed significant differences between the three groups. The lambs born to ewes injected with barium selenate showed thus be concluded that both selenium salts, at the doses given, are suitable far the prophylaxis of this deficiency.peerReviewe

    Cristalización normal de la lágrima del perro

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    Se determina el tipo de cristalización lagrimal en 50 perros carentes de patología ocular, 31 machos y 19 hembras, con edades comprendidas entre 16 y 120 meses. En todos los casos se observa una forma de cristalización muy homogénea y semejante. Concretamente en el 98% de las muestras, la lágrima cristaliza según el tipo 11 de cristalización de acuerdo a la clasificación realizada por Rolando en 1984 pare la especie humana. El 2% restante presenta una cristalización intermedia entre los tipos I y 11 de dicha clasificación.Lacrimal crystallization 'was analyzed in tears from 50 dogs without any eye disease, 31 male and 19 femalef with ages between 16 and 120 months. A similar kind of crystallization was found in all the cases. In the 98% of the samples, tear crystallized in type 11 according to the classification made by Rolando far human beings in 1984. A sort of intermediate crystallization the types I and 11 was found in the rest.peerReviewe

    Aspectos ecográficos del hígado de perros con insuficiencia cardíaca derecha

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    Se han realizado ecografías hepáticas regladas en 25 perros con insuficiencia cardíaca derecha. Los hallazgos ecográficos obtenidos y su porcentaje de aparición son los siguientes: hepatomegalia (80%}, disminución del tamaño hepático (12%), diafragma en doble arco (80%), hiperecogenicidad del parénquima hepático (16%), hipoecogenicidad hepática (72%), engrosamiento de las paredes de la vesícula biliar (48%), dilatación de las venas hepáticas (76%), hiperecogenicidad de sus paredes (28%), dilatación del sistema venoso portal e hiperecogenicidad de sus paredes (80%}, visualización de la desembocadura de las venas hepáticas en la vena cava caudal (40%}, y dilatación de la vena cava caudal (88%}. La ecografía resulta ser un método más exacto que la radiología y la exploración física para determinar el estado del hígado en perros con congestión venosa originada por insuficiencia cardíaca derecha.Systematic ultrasonography studies have been performed in dogs with right heart failure. The frequencies of the findings are: hepatomegaly (80%), decrease of the size of the liver (12%), diaphragm in double are (80%}, hyperechogenicity of liver parenchyma (16%), liver hypoechogenicity (72%}, thikening of the walls of the gall bladder (48%}, dilated hepatic veins (76%), hyperechogenicity of their walls (28%}, dilated portal venous system and hyperechogenicity of their walls (80%), visualization of the drainage of the hepatic veins in the caudal vena cava (40%}, and dilatation of the caudal vena cava (88%}. Ultrasonography reveals itself as a better method than radiology and physical examination in checking the liver in dogs with venous congestion caused by right heart failure.peerReviewe

    Alteraciones detectables en la concentración de lípidos plasmáticos de perros con hepatopatías

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    Se realiza un estudio sobre los niveles plasmáticos de los principales lípidos en perros con algún grado de disfunción hepática. Se analiza la sangre de varios grupos de animales: grupo A (control), formado por 20 perros sanos; grupo B (problema), constituido por 61 perros con una concentración plasmática de ALT > 80 Ul/1. Los animales en los que se diagnosticó la causa responsable de la hepatopatía (41) se dividieron en: B1 (origen infeccioso), B2 (secundaria a insuficiencia cardíaca derecha), B3 (traumática), B4 (tóxica), B5 (inducida por corticoides), B6 (neoplásica) y B7 (neoplasias no hepáticas). Se observa hipertrigliceridemia en todos los grupos problema, con diferencias estadísticamente significativas en B, B1, B2 y B5. Parece obedecer al desarrollo de hepatitis, colestasis y disminución de la actividad de la LPL secundada a corticoides. También aumentan los fosfolípidos (excepto en el grupo B3} con diferencias estadísticamente significativas en los grupos B y B4, en los que influye la colestasis. Excepto en los grupos B3, B6 y B7, aumenta la concentración de colesterol, debido a hepatitis aguda, colestasis y/o estimulación de la lipolisis periférica por glucocorticoides.A study was made about the levels in plasma of the main lipids in dogs with sorne liver disorders. Blood samples from sorne groups of animals: group A (control) and group B (unknown) were tested. Group A was formed by 20 healthy dogs and in group B were included 61 dogs with plasma ALT activities higher than 80 IU/1. The animals with a diagnosis of the cause responsible far the liver condition (41) were divided in: B1 (infectious disease), B2 (secondary to right heart failure), B3 (secondary to trauma), B4 (toxic), B5 (induced by corticosteroids), B6 (tumoral) and B7 (not hepatic neoplasias). Hypertriglyceridemia was observed in ali the unknown groups, with statistically significant differences in B, B1, B2 and B5. lt seems to be caused by the development of hepatitis, colestasis and diminished LPL activity secondary to corticosteroids. Phospholipids also increased (except for group B3), with statistically significant differences in groups B and B4, due to the influence of colestasis. Except for groups B3, B6 and B7, cholesterol concentration increased, caused by acute hepatitis, colestasis and/or stimulation of peripheral lipolysis by glucocorticosteroidspeerReviewe

    High prevalence of variants in skeletal dysplasia associated genes in individuals with short stature and minor skeletal anomalies

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    [EN]Objective: Next generation sequencing (NGS) has expanded the diagnostic paradigm turning the focus to the growth plate. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of variants in genes implicated in skeletal dysplasias in probands with short stature and mild skeletal anomalies. Design: Clinical and radiological data were collected from 108 probands with short stature and mild skeletal anomalies. Methods: A customized skeletal dysplasia NGS panel was performed. Variants were classified using ACMG recommendations and Sherloc. Anthropometric measurements and skeletal anomalies were subsequently compared in those with or without an identified genetic defect. Results: Heterozygous variants were identified in 21/108 probands (19.4%). Variants were most frequently identified in ACAN (n = 10) and IHH (n = 7) whilst one variant was detected in COL2A1, CREBBP, EXT1, and PTPN11. Statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed for sitting height/height (SH/H) ratio, SH/H ratio standard deviation score (SDS), and the SH/H ratio SDS >1 in those with an identified variant compared to those without. Conclusions: A molecular defect was elucidated in a fifth of patients. Thus, the prevalence of mild forms of skeletal dysplasias is relatively high in individuals with short stature and mild skeletal anomalies, with variants in ACAN and IHH accounting for 81% of the cases. An elevated SH/H ratio appears to be associated with a greater probability in detecting a variant, but no other clinical or radiological feature has been found determinant to finding a genetic cause. Currently, we cannot perform extensive molecular studies in all short stature individuals so detailed clinical and radiological phenotyping may orientate which are the candidate patients to obtain worthwhile results. In addition, detailed phenotyping of probands and family members will often aid variant classification

    Sismo-Haití: Proyecto de cooperación para el cálculo de la peligrosidad y el riesgo sísmico en Haití

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    El terremoto ocurrido el 12 de enero de 2010 en Haití devastó la ciudad de Puerto Príncipe, interrumpiendo la actividad social y económica. El proyecto Sismo-Haití surgió como respuesta a la solicitud de ayuda del país ante esta catástrofe y está siendo llevado a cabo por el grupo de investigación en Ingeniería Sísmica de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, especialistas en geología y sismología de las universidades Complutense de Madrid, Almería y Alicante, el Consejo Superior de Iinvestigaciones Científicas y técnicos locales. En el marco del citado proyecto se realizará un estudio de la amenaza sísmica, con la consiguiente obtención de mapas de aceleraciones que sirvan de base para una primera normativa sismorresistente en el país. Asimismo, se llevará a cabo un estudio de riesgo sísmico en alguna población piloto, incluyendo estudios de microzonación y vulnerabilidad sísmica, así como la estimación de daños y pérdidas humanas ante posibles sismos futuros, cuyos resultados irán dirigidos al diseño de planes de emergencia. En este trabajo se presentan los primeros avances del proyecto. Uno de los objetivos más importantes del proyecto Sismo-Haití es la formación de técnicos en el país a través de la transmisión de conocimientos y experiencia que el grupo de trabajo tiene en materia de peligrosidad y riesgo sísmico, así como en todo lo relacionado con la gestión de la emergencia.The January, 2010 Haiti earthquake devastated the city of Pot au Prince, interrupting the social and economical activity. The Sismo-Haiti cooperative project emerged as a response to the Haitian country assistance request and it is being carried out by the Earthquake Engineering Researching Group (Technical University of Madrid), specialists in Geology and Seismology from the Complutense University of Madrid, the Universities of Almería and Alicante, the High Council for Scientific Research and local technicians. Within the frame of the mentioned project, a seismic hazard assessment will be conducted and the hazard maps to be obtained will be used as a basis for the first Haitian seismic code. As well, a seismic risk estimation in a pilot city will be carried out, including micro-zoning and seismic vulnerability studies and the evaluation of damage and human losses due to possible future earthquakes; the results will be used to design post-event emergency plans. In this paper, the first results of this project are presented. An important goal of the Sismo-Haiti project is to contribute to the transfer of knowledge and expertise on seismic hazard and risk as well as other topics related to emergency management.Depto. de Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y PaleontologíaDepto. de Física de la Tierra y AstrofísicaFac. de Ciencias GeológicasTRUEpu
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