Top 10 differentially expressed snoRNAs between normal tissue samples from non-smokers and smokers.

<p>Top 10 differentially expressed snoRNAs between normal tissue samples from non-smokers and smokers.</p

snoRNA and piRNA expression levels modified by tobacco use in women with lung adenocarcinoma

<div><p>Lung cancer is one of the most frequent types of cancer worldwide. Most patients are diagnosed at advanced stage and thus have poor prognosis. Smoking is a risk factor for lung cancer, however most smokers do not develop lung cancer while 20% of women with lung adenocarcinoma are non-smokers. Therefore, it is possible that these two groups present differences besides the smoking status, including differences in their gene expression signature. The altered expression patterns of non-coding RNAs in complex diseases make them potential biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment. We analyzed data from differentially and constitutively expressed PIWI-interacting RNAs and small nucleolar RNAs from publicly available small RNA high-throughput sequencing data in search of an expression pattern of non-coding RNA that could differentiate these two groups. Here, we report two sets of differentially expressed small non-coding RNAs identified in normal and tumoral tissues of women with lung adenocarcinoma, that discriminate between smokers and non-smokers. Our findings may offer new insights on metabolic alterations caused by tobacco and may be used for early diagnosis of lung cancer.</p></div

Top 10 differentially expressed snoRNA between tumor samples from smokers and non-smokers.

<p>Top 10 differentially expressed snoRNA between tumor samples from smokers and non-smokers.</p

Differential expression comparisons performed in this study and heatmaps.

<p>A) Non-smoker normal versus Smoker normal samples. B) Non-smoker tumor versus Smoker tumor samples. Heatmap of Log₂ of Normalized CPM counts for differentially expressed genes. Data below the blue bar are from non-smokers, and those below the gray bar are from smokers. The figure shows four sets of genes whose expressions are very different according to the smoking status.</p

PCA analysis of the differentially expressed piRNAs/snoRNAs.

<p>A) Non-smoker normal (NNonS) versus Smoker normal (NS) samples. B) Non-smoker tumor (TNonS) versus Smoker tumor (TS) samples. The dots represent the normal samples, and stars the tumor samples. Light blue indicates Non-smokers normal samples, dark blue the Non-smokers tumor samples, light gray the Smokers normal samples and dark gray the Smokers tumor samples. Both analysis show distinct expression patterns between non-smokers and smokers.</p

Top 10 constitutively expressed snoRNA in samples from non-smokers.

<p>Top 10 constitutively expressed snoRNA in samples from non-smokers.</p

Scatterplot of the log2 fold change for the 28 snoRNAs shared between analysis.

<p>Scatterplot of the log2 fold change for the 28 snoRNAs shared between analysis.</p

snoRNAs differentially expressed in both normal tissue and tumor comparisons of non-smokers’ and smokers’ samples.

<p>snoRNAs differentially expressed in both normal tissue and tumor comparisons of non-smokers’ and smokers’ samples.</p

Top 10 constitutively expressed snoRNA in samples from smokers.

<p>Top 10 constitutively expressed snoRNA in samples from smokers.</p