Índice de masa corporal de adolescentes: comparación entre distintas referencias

OBJECTIVE: To compare the performance of the references (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I, National Center for Health Statistics/2000, International Obesity Task Force and Pesquisa Nacional sobre Saúde e Nutrição) to assess the nutritional status of children and adolescents with the new reference of body mass index values proposed by the World Health Organization in 2007. METHODS: Cross-sectional study that enrolled a non-probabilistic sample of 5,122 children and adolescents of low socioeconomic status. In the matrix study, sample size was calculated in order to identify the association between blood pressure changes and stunting in different nutritional status. This interim report relates to the comparison among different references for assessment of nutritional status. Cochran's Q, McNemar, chisquare and Kappa statistics were used to compare the proportion of underweight and overweight by different references and the agreement among them. RESULTS: The five references used in this study showed differences between them. Both for boys as for girls, the estimated prevalence of underweight by the Brazilian reference is much smaller than with the other references. For overweight girls, a higher prevalence was detected by the Pesquisa Nacional sobre Saúde e Nutrição reference, followed by the World Health Organization/2007. There was an excellent agreement (k>0.75) between the references regarding overweight, but the agreement among them regarding underweight was weak (k0.75) entre la mayoría de las clasificaciones para exceso de peso analizadas. Sin embargo, la concordancia entre las clasificaciones para bajo peso se presentódébil (k0,75) entre a maioria das classificações para excesso de peso analisadas. Porém, a concordância entre as classificações para baixo peso apresentou-se fraca (k<0,40). CONCLUSÕES: A nova referência da Organização Mundial da Saúde é adequada para classificar os distúrbios nutricionais nos adolescentes brasileiros.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)UNIFESPSciEL

Neuroendocrine effects of quetiapine in healthy volunteers

The present study measured prolactin, cortisol, ACTH and growth hormone in healthy male volunteers following an acute oral administration of quetiapine, an atypical antipsychotic with high affinity for H, and moderate affinity for sigma, sigma(1), 5-HT2, alpha(2) and D-2 receptors. Fifteen male volunteers entered this randomized double-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled study. Blood samples were drawn every 30 min from 09:00 hours to 13:00 hours. the first samples were drawn immediately before the administration of 150 mg quetiapine or placebo. Mean results for each hormone and ANOVA for repeated measures were performed. the area under the curve (AUC) hormonal values were calculated and compared by paired t test. the ANOVA showed an increase of prolactin after quetiapine administration from time 60 min up to the end of the observation period. Cortisol decreased after quetiapine administration from time 150 min to time 240 min. ACTH secretion showed no difference compared to placebo. There was a late increase in growth hormone secretion, significant in comparison with placebo only at time 210 min. the AUC values were statistically different for prolactin and cortisol compared to placebo. A single dose of quetiapine (150 mg) increased prolactin secretion probably due to a transiently high D, receptor occupancy at the anterior pituitary. Cortisol secretion decreased as was expected from quetiapine's pharmacodynamic profile. the lack of response of ACTH might be, at least in part, explained by the low hormonal assay sensitivity. the late growth hormone increase might have been due to quetiapine's antagonism of H, receptors.Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Psychobiol, São Paulo Sch Med, BR-04023062 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Psychobiol, São Paulo Sch Med, BR-04023062 São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Evaluation of sleep patterns and sleep-related complaints, chronotype, and time zone adaptation of Brazilian athletes participant in the Sydney 2000 paralympic games

Several methods have been used to investigated the quality and the main complaints and disturbances related to sleep. Chronobiology is a way of investigating temporal features of organisms. Such science divides the population into three basic chronotypes to evaluate individual differences in the prevalence of wake and sleep times: the morning types, the evening types, and the indifferent. Another important aspect is the scarcity of studies that relate sleep pattern of the individuals to special needs and physical activity. Sleep is considered restorative, and exercise is associated to several changes in the sleep pattern. Most studies dwelling on the effects of exercise upon sleep may be correlated or seen under the light of the theory of restorative functions of sleep. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the pattern, the sleep-related complaints, the chronotype, and the time zone adaptation of Brazilian athletes who participated in the Sydney 2000 Paralympic Games. 64 athletes participated in the evaluation, mean age of 26.3 (± 5.9). All of the athletes answered a questionnaire regarding sleep pattern, sleep-related complaints, chronotype, and time zone adaptation in Sydney. Time zone synchronization was abrupt, in an attempting at breaking the dark-light cycle related to the Brazilian time zone. Results show that 34.4% of the athletes were dissatisfied with their own sleep, and sleep disturbances most reported were: apnea (14%), gastric reflux (15.6%), headache (14.1%), pre-nightmare anxiety (39.1%), cramps (20.3%), sleep-talking (26.6%), nocturnal panic (9.4%), periodic legs movement (9.4%), and bruxism (9.4%). As regards athlete chronotype, 73.43% showed to be indifferent, 6.22% were moderate evening type, and 20.31% were moderate morning type. Good acceptance of the work was observed, which may have contributed towards, and reflected in, the final results of the games, as the Brazilian team had an excellent final result.Diversas metodologias têm sido desenvolvidas para investigar a qualidade e as principais queixas e distúrbios relacionados ao sono. Uma forma conhecida de investigar as características temporais dos organismos é a cronobiologia, ciência divide a população em três cronotipos básicos para avaliar as diferenças individuais na prevalência pelos horários de vigília e de sono: os matutinos, os vespertinos e os indiferentes. Outro ponto importante, é que existem poucos estudos relacionando o padrão do sono em indivíduos com necessidades especiais e a atividade física. O sono é considerado como restaurador e o exercício está associado diversas alterações no padrão de sono. A maioria dos estudos referente ao feito do exercício sobre o sono podem ser abordados ou correlacionados com a teoria de restauração das funções do sono. O objetivo deste estudo foi o de avaliar o padrão, queixas relativas ao sono, cronotipo e adaptação ao fuso horário de Sidney dos atletas brasileiros que disputaram a paraolimpíada em 2000. Participaram da avaliação 64 atletas paraolímpicos, com idades de 26,3 (± 5,9). Todos os atletas responderam aos questionários de padrão e queixas relativas ao sono e cronotipo, passando também por uma adaptação ao fuso horário de Sidney. Oprocesso de sincronização ao fuso horário foi realizado de forma abrupta, na tentativa de romper com o ciclo claro-escuro que estava relacionado ao horário brasileiro. Os resultados demonstram que 34,4% dos atletas apresentavam uma insatisfação com o seu próprio sono, sendo que os distúrbios de sono mais relatados foram: apnéia (14%), refluxo gástrico (15,6%), dor de cabeça (14,1%), ansiedade pós-pesadelo (39,1%), caimbras (20,3%), sonilóquio (26,6%), pânico noturno (9,4%), PLM (9,4%) e bruxismo (9,4%). Em relação a avaliação do cronotipo dos atletas, 73,43% se demonstraram indiferentes, 6,22% vespertinos moderados e 20,31% matutinos moderados. Observou-se boa aceitação com todo o trabalho e o mesmo deve ter contribuído e refletido nos resultados finais dos jogos, visto que a equipe paraolímpica obteve um excelente resultado final.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)UNIFESP-EPM Departamento de PsicobiologiaUNIFESP-EPMFefisaAssociação Fundo de Incentivo à PsicofarmacologiaUNIFESP/EPM AfipUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de PsicobiologiaUNIFESP-EPMUNIFESP/EPM AfipSciEL

La baja estatura leve está asociada al aumento de la presión arterial en adolescentes con sobrepeso

BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that pre/postnatal undernutrition leads to higher risk of non communicable diseases such as diabetes, hypertension and obesity in adulthood. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether overweight adolescents with mild stunting [height-for-age Z scores (HAZ) in the range -2] have higher blood pressure than overweight individuals with normal stature (HAZ >-1). MEHTODS: Participants were classified as mildly stunted or of normal stature, and further stratified according to body mass index-for-age percentiles as overweight, normal or underweight. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DPB) blood pressures were determined according to guidelines, and abdominal fat was analyzed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: Mild stunted overweight individuals showed higher DBP values (p=0.001) than their underweight counterparts (69.75 ± 12.03 and 54.46±11.24 mmHg, respectively), but similar to those of normal BMI. No differences were found in DBP values of normal, overweight and underweight individuals among the normal stature groups. An increase in SBP (p=0.01) among mild stunted individuals was found when those with overweight were compared to their underweight and normal BMI counterparts (114.70 ± 15.46, 97.38 ± 10.87 and 104.72 ± 12.24 mmHg, respectively). Although no differences were observed in the means of SBP between mild stunting and normal stature groups, a significant intercept was found (p=0.01), revealing higher SBP among stunted individuals. There was a correlation between SBP and abdominal fat (r=0.42, ρ=0.02) in the stunted group. CONCLUSION: Stunted individuals with overweight showed higher SBP than those of normal stature and overweight. These findings confirm that mild stunting increase the risk of future hypertension and alterations are evident at early age.FUNDAMENTO: Estudios han demostrado que la desnutrición pre/post-natal lleva a un mayor riesgo de enfermedades no transmisibles, como diabetes, hipertensión y obesidad en la edad adulta. OBJETIVO: Determinar si los adolescentes con sobrepeso y desnutrición leve [escores-Z altura/edad (HAZ) en la franja de -2] tienen presión arterial más elevada que los individuos con sobrepeso y con estatura normal (HAZ > -1). MÉTODOS: Los participantes fueron clasificados como de baja estatura leve o de estatura normal, y estratificados de acuerdo con los percentiles de masa corporal para la edad, como sobrepeso, peso normal o abajo del peso. Las presiones arteriales sistólica (PAS) y diastólica (PAD) fueron determinadas de acuerdo con las directrices y la grasa abdominal fue analizada por absorciometría de doble emisión de rayos-X. RESULTADOS: Individuos con baja estatura leve y sobrepeso presentaron valores más elevados de la PAD (p = 0,001) que sus contrapartes de bajo peso (69,75 ± 12,03 y 54,46 ± 11,24 mmHg, respectivamente), pero semejantes a aquellos con IMC normal. No fueron encontradas diferencias en los valores de PAD en individuos normales, individuos con sobrepeso y con bajo peso entre los grupos de estatura normal. Fue encontrado un aumento en la PAS (p = 0,01) entre los individuos con baja estatura leve cuando fueron comparados los individuos con sobrepreso con sus contrapartes de bajo peso y IMC normal (114,70 ± 15,46, 97,38 ± 10,87 y 104,72 ± 12,24 mmHg, respectivamente). Aunque no hayan sido observadas diferencias en las medias de PAS entre los grupos de baja estatura leve y estatura normal, fue encontrado un intercepto significativo (p = 0,01), revelando mayor PAS entre los individuos con baja estatura leve. Hubo correlación entre PAS y grasa abdominal (r = 0,42, ρ = 0,02) en el grupo con baja estatura leve. CONCLUSIONES: Individuos de baja estatura leve con sobrepeso presentaron mayor PAS que los de estatura normal y sobrepeso. Esos hallazgos confirman que la baja estatura leve aumenta el riesgo futuro de hipertensión y esas alteraciones son evidentes en individuos jóvenes.FUNDAMENTO: Estudos têm demonstrado que a desnutrição pré/pós-natal leva a um maior risco de doenças não transmissíveis, como diabetes, hipertensão e obesidade na idade adulta. OBJETIVO: Determinar se os adolescentes com sobrepeso e desnutrição leve [escores-Z altura/idade (HAZ) na faixa de -2] têm pressão arterial mais elevada do que os indivíduos com sobrepeso e com estatura normal (HAZ > -1). MÉTODOS: Os participantes foram classificados como de baixa estatura leve ou de estatura normal, e estratificados de acordo com os percentis de massa corporal para a idade, como sobrepeso, peso normal ou abaixo do peso. As pressões arteriais sistólica (PAS) e diastólica (PAD) foram determinadas de acordo com as diretrizes e a gordura abdominal foi analisada por absorciometria de dupla emissão de raios-X. RESULTADOS: Indivíduos com baixa estatura leve e sobrepeso apresentaram valores mais elevados da PAD (p = 0,001) do que suas contrapartes de baixo peso (69,75 ± 12,03 e 54,46 ± 11,24 mmHg, respectivamente), mas semelhantes àqueles com IMC normal. Não foram encontradas diferenças nos valores de PAD em indivíduos normais, indivíduos com sobrepeso e com baixo peso entre os grupos de estatura normal. Foi encontrado um aumento na PAS (p = 0,01) entre os indivíduos com baixa estatura leve quando comparados os indivíduos com sobrepreso com suas contrapartes de baixo peso e IMC normal (114,70 ± 15,46, 97,38 ± 10,87 e 104,72 ± 12,24 mmHg, respectivamente). Embora não tenham sido observadas diferenças nas médias de PAS entre os grupos de baixa estatura leve e estatura normal, foi encontrado um intercepto significativo (p = 0,01), revelando maior PAS entre os indivíduos com baixa estatura leve. Houve correlação entre PAS e gordura abdominal (r = 0,42, ρ = 0,02) no grupo com baixa estatura leve. CONCLUSÃO: Indivíduos de baixa estatura leve com sobrepeso apresentaram maior PAS do que os de estatura normal e sobrepeso. Esses achados confirmam que a baixa estatura leve aumenta o risco futuro de hipertensão e essas alterações são evidentes em indivíduos jovens.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Departamento de FisiologiaUniversidade de São Paulo de Artes, Ciências e HumanidadeCentro de Recuperação e Educação NutricionalUNIFESP, Depto. de FisiologiaSciEL

Transport system validation and analysis of biological samples sent to a central laboratory

The results obtained from biological sample analysis may be affected by several factors, among them, the conditions of samples transportation from the site of collection to the central laboratory.The aim of this paper was to verify the stability of the samples submitted to the transportation process (from Jundiaí to São Paulo) by comparing the results of 29 clinical laboratory parameters (including microbiology tests) on the same samples submitted or not to transportation. First, we verified the temperature inside a transportation box, during the routine the from Jundiaí to São Paulo, by introducing a special chip able to register it continuously. We observed that the temperature inside the box was kept between 13ºC and 23ºC (similar to room temperature). After that, samples were collected in Jundiaí and divided in two aliquots; one to be analysed at the laboratory in São Paulo. The methodology, apparatus and reagents used on the samples analysis were the same at both laboratories. The statistical analysis showed concordance between both averages trough correlation coefficient intra-class and by the Blan-Altman methods. It was observed that among the 29 parameters: 23 (79,3%) showed good to excellent. On the data from urinalysis we observed a good to excellent concordance in the urocult (88.0%), and as well in the urine I analysis. The data obtained by the correlation between the laboratory results and the graphics of temperature registered by chip are strong indicative of validation of our laboratorial analysis and transportation system, up to 16 hours sample collection.A monitoração de vários interferentes nos resultados das análises clínicas laboratoriais originados do sistema de transporte de amostras biológicas de um posto de coleta para o local da fase analítica propriamente dita é de extrema importância. Com o objetivo de avaliar a estabilidade dos bioanalitos durante o transporte, os autores, neste trabalho, monitoraram a temperatura das caixas térmicas. Através de dispositivos medidores de temperatura (chips) introduzidos no interior de cada caixa térmica, observou-se que elas permaneceram climatizadas em torno de 13º a 23ºC, simulando a temperatura ambiente por todo o percurso e tempo necessários. Compararam-se os resultados de análises clínicas laboratoriais das amostras biológicas sem transporte realizadas no laboratório de origem da coleta (Jundiaí) com os das mesmas amostras biológicas com transporte realizado na central em São Paulo. Inicialmente foram estudados os principais parâmetros bioquímicos e a coagulação do sangue, além da urinálise com bacteriologia. A análise estatística foi de concordância entre as duas médias através do coeficiente de correlação intraclasse e também pela técnica de Bland-Altman, na qual se observou que, entre os 29 analíticos estudados, 23 (79,3%) apresentaram concordância boa a excelente; cinco (17,2%), moderada a boa; e uma (3,5%), fraca a moderada. Quanto às uroculturas, elas apresentaram 88% de concordância, portanto boa a excelente, e a urina I apresentou 94% de concordância na hematúria e 87,5% na leucocitúria, também boa a excelente. Os dados obtidos pelas correlações dos resultados das amostras e dos gráficos de temperatura emitidos pelos dispositivos registradores representaram indicadores de validação do sistema de transporte e das análises laboratoriais em até 16 horas após coleta do material, simulando um posto muito distante.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)AFIP Medicina LaboratorialUniversidade de São PauloAFIP Medicina Laboratorial setor de BacteriologiaAFIP Medicina Laboratorial setor de BioquímicaUNIFESP Departamento de PsicobiologiaUNIFESP, Depto. de PsicobiologiaSciEL

Influence of maternal height and weight on low birth weight: a cross-sectional study in poor communities of northeastern Brazil

Background Low birth weight (LBW) is associated with an increased risk of mortality, adverse metabolic conditions, and long-term chronic morbidities. The relationship between LWB and short maternal stature coupled with nutritional status was investigated in poor communities. Methods/Principal Findings A cross-sectional population-based study involving 2226 mother-child pairs was conducted during the period 2009-2010 in shantytowns of Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil. Associations between LBW and maternal sociodemographics, stature and nutritional status were investigated. The outcome variable was birth weight (< 2500g and ≥ 2500g). The independent variables were the age, income, educational background, stature and nutritional status (eutrophic, underweight, overweight and obese) of the mother. The frequency of LBW was 10%. Short-statured mothers (1st quartile of stature ≤ 152cm) showed a tendency of increased risk of LBW children compared to mothers in the 4th quartile of stature (>160.4cm) (OR: 1.42, 95% CI: 0.96 - 1.09, p = 0.078). Children from short-statured mothers weighed an average of 125g less than those from taller mothers (3.18±0.56kg vs. 3.30±0.58kg, respectively p = 0.002). Multivariate analyses showed that short stature, age < 20y (OR: 3.05, 95% CI:1.44 - 6.47) or were underweight (OR: 2.26, 95% CI:0.92 - 5.95) increased the risk of LBW, while overweight (OR: 0.38, 95% CI:0.16 - 0.95) and obesity (OR: 0.39, 95% CI:0.11 - 1.31) had lower risk for LBW. In taller mothers, lower income and underweight were associated with LBW (OR: 1.88, 95% CI: 1.07 - 3.29 and 2.85, 95% CI:1.09 - 7.47, respectively), and obese mothers showed a trend of increased risk of LBW (OR: 1.66, 95% CI:0.84 - 3.25). Conclusions/Significance Overweight was found to have a protective effect in short-statured mothers, indicating that a surplus of energy may diminish the risk of LBW. Short-statured younger mothers, but not taller ones, showed higher risk of LBW. The mother being underweight, regardless of stature, was associated with LBW.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas (FAPEAL

Association between light exposure and metabolic syndrome in a rural Brazilian town

Context: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex condition comprising a ‘clustering’ of components representing cardiometabolic risk factors for heart disease and diabetes; its prevalence rate is high and consequences serious. Evidence suggests that light exposure patterns and misalignment of circadian rhythms might contribute to MetS etiology by impacting energy metabolism and glucose regulation. Objective: We hypothesised that individuals with MetS would show disrupted circadian and sleep parameters alongside differences in light exposure profiles. We investigated this using data from a cohort study in Brazil. Methods: Data from 103 individuals from the Baependi Heart Cohort Study aged between 50 and 70 were analysed. Motor activity and light exposure were measured using wrist-worn actigraphy devices. Cardiometabolic data were used to calculate the number of MetS components present in each participant, and participants grouped as MetS/non-MetS according to standard guidelines. Between-group comparisons were made for the actigraphy measures; additionally, correlation analyses were conducted. Results: Motor activity and circadian profiles showed no differences between groups. However, the MetS group presented lower light exposure during the day and higher light exposure at night. Correlation analyses, including all participants, showed that greater daytime light exposure and greater light exposure difference between day and night were associated with reduced MetS risk (a lower number of MetS components). Also, the light exposure difference between day and night correlated with body mass index across all participants. Conclusions: The observed results suggest a direct association between light exposure and MetS which appears to not be attributable to disruptions in circadian activity rhythm nor to sleep parameters. This link between light exposure patterns and MetS risk could inform possible prevention strategies