Battery - Ultracapacitor Energy Storage System Set Up Control through Fuzzy Logic Algorithm

The aim of this work is to show the impact of an Energy Storage System (ESS) management on the energy transfer processes during load variations. The studied ESS includes a battery rack interfaced through a dc dc bidirectional converter with an ultracapacit or rack. The output energy is supplied to a programmable and variable resistive load. The proposed strategy based on fuzzy logic algorithm is tested and implemented on Matlab Simulink. The obtained results shown, improve the robustness of the adopted control strategy to manage the energy flow

Thermoelectric La-doped SrTiO3 epitaxial layers with single-crystal quality: from nanometer to micrometer and mosaicity effects

High-quality thermoelectric LaxSr1-xTiO3 (LSTO) layers (here with x = 0.2), with thicknesses ranging from 20 nm to 700 nm, have been epitaxially grown on SrTiO3(001) substrates by enhanced solid-source oxide molecular-beam epitaxy. All films are atomically flat (with rms roughness < 0.2 nm), with low mosaicity (<0.1{\deg}), and present very low electrical resistivity (<5 x 10-4 ohm.cm at room temperature), one order of magnitude lower than commercial Nb-doped SrTiO3 single-crystalline substrate. The conservation of transport properties within this thickness range has been confirmed by thermoelectric measurements where Seebeck coefficients of around -60 microV/K have been found for all films, accordingly. Finally, a correlation is given between the mosaicity and the (thermo)electric properties. These functional LSTO films can be integrated on Si in opto-microelectronic devices as transparent conductor, thermoelectric elements or in non-volatile memory structures

Cross-species analysis of viral nucleic acid interacting proteins identifies TAOKs as innate immune regulators

The cell intrinsic antiviral response of multicellular organisms developed over millions of years and critically relies on the ability to sense and eliminate viral nucleic acids. Here we use an affinity proteomics approach in evolutionary distant species (human, mouse and fly) to identify proteins that are conserved in their ability to associate with diverse viral nucleic acids. This approach shows a core of orthologous proteins targeting viral genetic material and species-specific interactions. Functional characterization of the influence of 181 candidates on replication of 6 distinct viruses in human cells and flies identifies 128 nucleic acid binding proteins with an impact on virus growth. We identify the family of TAO kinases (TAOK1, -2 and -3) as dsRNA-interacting antiviral proteins and show their requirement for type-I interferon induction. Depletion of TAO kinases in mammals or flies leads to an impaired response to virus infection characterized by a reduced induction of interferon stimulated genes in mammals and impaired expression of srg1 and diedel in flies. Overall, our study shows a larger set of proteins able to mediate the interaction between viral genetic material and host factors than anticipated so far, attesting to the ancestral roots of innate immunity and to the lineage-specific pressures exerted by viruses. Whether there are conserved nucleic acid (NA) binding proteins across species is not fully known. Using data from human, mouse and fly, the authors identify common binders, implicate TAOKs and show that these kinases bind NAs across species and promote virus defence in mammalian cells.We further thank Korbinian Mayr, Igor Paron, and Gaby Sowa for maintaining mass spectrometers and the MPI-B core facility, especially Judith Scholz, Leopold Urich, Sabine Suppmann, and Stephan Uebel, for support..

Implementation of fuel cell and photovoltaic panels based DC micro grid prototype for electric vehicles charging station

Today, electric vehicle (EV) appears as an evident solution for the future automotive market. The introduction of EV will lead to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and decrease the travelling cost. However, electric vehicle is truly an ecological solution only if the production of electricity necessary for its operation is produced from sustainable energy sources. In this paper, an Electric Vehicle Charging Station (EVCS) through sustainable energy sources via a DC micro-grid system has been proposed. The proposed system includes a fuel cell (FC), photovoltaic (PV) panels, storage battery and possibility of a connection to the grid. In this work a low power prototype of a micro-grid based EVCS has been first validated using a numerical simulation under Matlab/Simulink using variable irradiance and number of recharging vehicles. In the second part of this paper, an EVCS prototype has been realized in the laboratory. The tests are realized using an emulator of the PEM fuel cell with the concept of the hardware-in-the-loop (HIL). The objective of this emulation is to evaluate the performances of the whole system without the need for a real fuel cell. The whole system is implemented on the dSPACE 1103 platform and the results of the tests are discussed.N/

Structure and morphology of Ge nanowires on Si(001): Importance of the Ge islands on the growth direction and twin formation

International audienceUnderstanding and controlling the structural properties of Ge nanowires are important for their current and future use in technological applications. In this study, the initial stages of the heteroepitaxial growth of Ge nanowires on Si(001) via the Au catalyzed vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) method are investigated. We observe a Ge island located at the base of each nanowire. We propose that these islands are formed by the VLS mechanism and initiate the nanowire growth. Analysis of the islands morphology helps to explain the 〈011〉 growth direction commonly observed for Ge nanowires. Moreover, our observations provide an insight into the formation of twins that propagate along the growth direction

Simulation and experimental investigation into a photovoltaic and fuel cell hybrid integration power system for a typical small house application

The paper addresses the simulation of a novel real-time implementation of a photovoltaic (PV) and fuel cell (FC) hybrid integration power system. The hybrid system has the potential of reducing the dependency on batteries, leading to reduced cost and increased life span of the whole system using the Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell. The interface structure of the hybrid system has been explored incorporating the Maximum Power Point Technique (MPPT) for maximum power extraction. The simulation of the hybrid system including fuel cell, PhotoVoltaic panels (PVs) and battery has been carried out using SimPowerSystems. An innovative Real Time Interface (RTI) approach using the concept of the Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL) has been presented for a fast dynamic response of a closed loop control of the hybrid system. The corroboration of the hybrid system is validated experimentally, using a real photovoltaic panel connected to a PEM fuel cell emulator and battery. The PVs are controlled by the perturbation and observation Maximum Power point (MPP) technique and the PEM fuel cell is controlled through a boost DC-DC converter using current mode control. The whole system is implemented on the dSPACE 1103 platform for real-time interface and control strategies. The overall behavior of the hybrid system has been critically analyzed and corroboration of the simulated and experimental results have been presented.N/

STUDY OF SALMONELLA SPP. CARRIAGE IN FECAL OF BOVINE ORIGIN IN THE WILAYA OF TIZI OUZOU (ALGERIA)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the importance of the reservoir of Salmonella spp. in dairy cattle through the study of asymptomatic carriage in feces in some municipalities of the Wilaya of Tizi Ouzou. 548 fecal samples from 65 farms were carried out, and the ISO 6579 method was used for the analysis of the samples. The results showed that 13.48% of the farms and 2.18% of the samples were positive for the search of Salmonella spp. Most of the strains (75%) were resistant to a maximum of two antibiotics and 25% of the strains were multidrug resistant. No relationship between practices observed in the field and the excretion of Salmonella spp. could be demonstrated

Growth of Ge islands on SrTiO3 (001) 2×1 reconstructed surface: Epitaxial relationship and effect of the temperature

International audienc

Transient thermal conductivity in PECVD SiN x at high temperature: the thermal signature of an on-going irreversible modification

International audiencePECVD amorphous silicon nitride (a-SiN x) films are largely used into the dielectric stacks of integrated circuits, as passivation or capping layers, and are today an important alternative to silicon for integrated nonlinear optical applications, such as waveguides. In such applications, a-SiN x presents also the advantage of having a very low thermal conductivity, about 0.7 W/m K at room temperature, which is of relevance, as such films contribute to the thermal balance of the devices, and thus play a role in solving the thermal management problem in microelectronics. The deposition parameters, and more specificall

Design and Implementation of a Robust 6-DOF Quadrotor Controller Based on Kalman Filter for Position Control

The objective of this chapter is to develop quadcopter flight control algorithms using a PID controller enhanced by a Kalman Filter (KF) using an experimental approach to extract the physical and aerodynamic settings of the quadcopter. It is first necessary to present the current state of the quadcopter analytical dynamics model in order to achieve an effective design. A second step involves the development of the quadcopter’s hardware and software, as well as the development of a full thrust test rig to extract the parameters of the propulsion system and the linearisation approximations between the different variables. Using the quadcopter’s 6-DOF analytical dynamic model, the controller’s control parameters are determined using a PID design enhanced with KF. Test results were assessed using dynamic response curves and 3D Matlab visualisations. In order to evaluate the performance of the PID controllers, we measured the time response, overshoot, and settling time with and without the KF. After the SIMULINK model’s results for the drone were accepted, a C++ code was produced. Uploading the generated code into the Pixhawk autopilot was accomplished through a Simulink application in the autopilot firmware. Based on the Pixhawk autopilot, we present a quick and real-time test solution for drone controllers. Further enhancements are provided by near-real-time tuning of the control settings. This research uses the Embedded Coder Tool to develop SIMULINK-generated code for the Pixhawk autopilot board