Strain-Specific Probiotic Properties of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli for the Prevention of Diarrhea Caused by Rotavirus in a Preclinical Model

Probiotic supplementationwithdifferent lactobacilli andbifidobacterial strainshasdemonstrated beneficial effects in infectious diarrhea caused by rotavirus (RV) in young children. Preclinical models of RV infection might be a good strategy to screen for the e cacy of new probiotic strains or to test their comparative e cacy. Neonatal Lewis rats were supplemented with Bifidobacterium breve M-16V, Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM, Lactobacillus helveticus R0052, or Lactobacillus salivarius PS2 from days 2-14 of life. On day five, animals received RV SA-11 orally. Fecal samples were collected daily, weighed, and scored for the calculation of severity and incidence of diarrhea. In addition, fecal pH and fecal viral shedding were measured. Animals were sacrificed at the end of the study and their blood was obtained for the quantification of RV-specific immunoglobulins. RV infection was induced in ~90% of the animals. All probiotics caused a reduction of several clinical variables of severity and incidence of diarrhea, except L. salivarius PS2. L. acidophilus NCFM, B. breve M-16V, and L. helveticus R0052 seemed to be very e ective probiotic strains. In addition, all Lactobacillus strains reduced the viral elimination one day post-inoculation. No di erences were detected in the specific anti-RV humoral response. The present study highlights the strain-specific e ects of probiotics and identifies promising probiotics for use in ameliorating and preventing RV-induced diarrhea in children, for example by including them in infant formula

Strain-specific probiotic properties of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli for the prevention of diarrhea caused by rotavirus in a preclinical model

Probiotic supplementation with different lactobacilli and bifidobacterial strains has demonstrated beneficial effects in infectious diarrhea caused by rotavirus (RV) in young children. Preclinical models of RV infection might be a good strategy to screen for the efficacy of new probiotic strains or to test their comparative efficacy. Neonatal Lewis rats were supplemented with Bifidobacterium breve M-16V, Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM, Lactobacillus helveticus R0052, or Lactobacillus salivarius PS2 from days 2–14 of life. On day five, animals received RV SA-11 orally. Fecal samples were collected daily, weighed, and scored for the calculation of severity and incidence of diarrhea. In addition, fecal pH and fecal viral shedding were measured. Animals were sacrificed at the end of the study and their blood was obtained for the quantification of RV-specific immunoglobulins. RV infection was induced in ~90% of the animals. All probiotics caused a reduction of several clinical variables of severity and incidence of diarrhea, except L. salivarius PS2. L. acidophilus NCFM, B. breve M-16V, and L. helveticus R0052 seemed to be very effective probiotic strains. In addition, all Lactobacillus strains reduced the viral elimination one day post-inoculation. No differences were detected in the specific anti-RV humoral response. The present study highlights the strain-specific effects of probiotics and identifies promising probiotics for use in ameliorating and preventing RV-induced diarrhea in children, for example by including them in infant formulas.</p

Probióticos: Su impacto en lanutrición y la saludUna visión desdeel Cono SurJuan

La microbiota intestinal humana está involucrada en múltiples interacciones que afectan la salud del hospedador, durante toda su vida. El establecimiento de la microbiota en las etapas tempranas de la vida es un proceso que ocurre de forma concomitante con el desarrollo y maduración del sistema inmune y metabólico. En un plazo de pocas semanas después del nacimiento, un niño ya es hospedador de una comunidad de billones de bacterias, virus y hongos que pueden modelar múltiples aspectos de su salud.</p

Data underlying the publication: Quantitative physiology and proteomic adaptations of Bifidobacterium breve NRBB57 at near-zero growth rates

This data set corresponds to the proteome of Bifidobacterium breve NRBB57 which was cultivated at different growth rates from high (0.4 h-1) to near-zero growth rates. The bacteria was cultivated in retentostat and chemostat systems in a media with lactose as energy source. For the proteome analysis, samples were taken from the steady states of 3 biological replicates of the chemostats (µ=0.4 h-1, µ=0.12 h-1, µ=0.05 h-1, µ=0.025 h-1) and from 3 biological replicates of the retentostats after 1, 2 and 3 weeks after connecting the filter. Relative protein quantification was performed by Proteome Discoverer based on peptide intensity signals using default settings

Data underlying the publication: Quantitative physiology and proteomic adaptations of Bifidobacterium breve NRBB57 at near-zero growth rates

This data set corresponds to the proteome of Bifidobacterium breve NRBB57 which was cultivated at different growth rates from high (0.4 h-1) to near-zero growth rates. The bacteria was cultivated in retentostat and chemostat systems in a media with lactose as energy source. For the proteome analysis, samples were taken from the steady states of 3 biological replicates of the chemostats (µ=0.4 h-1, µ=0.12 h-1, µ=0.05 h-1, µ=0.025 h-1) and from 3 biological replicates of the retentostats after 1, 2 and 3 weeks after connecting the filter. Relative protein quantification was performed by Proteome Discoverer based on peptide intensity signals using default settings

The Mucin Degrader Akkermansia muciniphila Is an Abundant Resident of the Human Intestinal Tract▿ †

A 16S rRNA-targeted probe, MUC-1437, was designed and validated in order to determine the presence and numbers of cells of Akkermansia muciniphila, a mucin degrader, in the human intestinal tract. As determined by fluorescent in situ hybridization, A. muciniphila accounted more than 1% of the total fecal cells and was shown to be a common bacterial component of the human intestinal tract

Genetic Diversity of Viable, Injured, and Dead Fecal Bacteria Assessed by Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting and 16S rRNA Gene Analysis

A novel approach combining a flow cytometric in situ viability assay with 16S rRNA gene analysis was used to study the relationship between diversity and activity of the fecal microbiota. Simultaneous staining with propidium iodide (PI) and SYTO BC provided clear discrimination between intact cells (49%), injured or damaged cells (19%), and dead cells (32%). The three subpopulations were sorted and characterized by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of 16S rRNA gene amplicons obtained from the total and bifidobacterial communities. This analysis revealed that not only the total community but also the distinct subpopulations are characteristic for each individual. Cloning and sequencing of the dominant bands of the DGGE patterns showed that most of clones retrieved from the live, injured, and dead fractions belonged to Clostridium coccoides, Clostridium leptum, and Bacteroides. We found that some of the butyrate-producing related bacteria, such as Eubacterium rectale and Eubacterium hallii, were obviously viable at the time of sampling. However, amplicons affiliated with Bacteroides and Ruminococcus obeum- and Eubacterium biforme-like bacteria, as well as Butyrivibrio crossotus, were obtained especially from the dead population. Furthermore, some bacterial clones were recovered from all sorted fractions, and this was especially noticeable for the Clostridium leptum cluster. The bifidobacterial phylotypes identified in total samples and sorted fractions were assigned to Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium infantis, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, and Bifidobacterium bifidum. Phylogenetic analysis of the live, dead, and injured cells revealed a remarkable physiological heterogeneity within these bacterial populations; B. longum and B. infantis were retrieved from all sorted fractions, while B. adolescentis was recovered mostly from the sorted dead fraction