A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)

Meeting abstrac

Feeding perturbation and toxic activity of five Chrysanthemum species crude extracts against Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) (Lepidoptera; Noctuidae)

The effect of the whole methanol extracts of five Chrysanthemum species on feeding and performance of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) larvae has been investigated in vitro. The extracts exhibited antifeeding and phagostimulating activities against cotton leafworm larvae when applied either on leaf discs or incorporated into an artificial diet. Under chosen conditions, the antifeedant index calculated over 24 h for sixth instar larvae significantly varied from 78.55 for Chrysanthemum segetum L. to -44.18 for Chrysanthemum fuscatum Desf. at the dose of 1000 ppm. Toxicity of the extracts was manifested by a high mortality, reduced growth rates, and low weight gain by larvae fed on diets containing 1000-10,000 ppm of the extract. Anyone of the larvae treated with Chrysanthemum macrotum (D.R.) Ball. leaves crude extract survived to pupation at the two higher concentrations. The time to pupation increased for Chrysanthemum grandiflorum flowers crude extract from 11.40±0.93 to 28.93±10.92 days as the extract concentration in the diet increased from 0 to 10,000 ppm. The ingestion of crude extract by the third instar larvae reduced significantly the consumption, growth and utilisation of the ingested and digested food, and reduced digestibility. The crude extract of the leaves of C. macrotum, dissolved in acetone and topically applied on sixth instar larvae, showed a quite high mortality (95%). These results suggest the presence in the extracts of anti-feeding and/or toxic substances, active by consumption and topical application. The identification of these compounds and their action mode will be object of further studie

Insecticidal and anti-appetent activities of four Chrysanthemum species against Tribolium confusum Du Val (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

Insect pests are one of the major factors limiting the production and the storage of agricultural products. The use of synthetic pesticides limits the damage of these pests. However, the effectiveness of these products is continually eroded by the development of resistance in these pests and serious health and ecological disadvantages were detected. It is clear that there is an urgent need for alternative control measures, which must be active against the pests, safe to humans and environmentally friendly. Evaluation of local plants as sources of protectants is one of the promising ways to fulfil this need. In this study the essential oil of four Chrysanthemum species (C. macrotum, C. trifurcatum, C. segetum and C. fuscatum) were evaluated for their insecticidal activity against Tribolium confusum using tow methods: fumigation and consumption. The essential was diluted in acetone to obtain the concentration of 1%. For the fumigant activity, 100 μl of the solution was applied on filter paper (1x2.5 cm), after evaporating the solvent, each filter paper was placed on the underside of the screw cap of a glass vial and was screwed tightly onto the vial containing ten adults of Tribolium confusum. Concerning the evaluation of the anti-appetent activity, 5 μl of each Chrysanthemum species essential oil were applied on flour disc (95% wheat semolina and 5% beer yeast). The control received only acetone and five replicates were set up for each treatment and control. The results showed that essential oil obtained from flowers of C. macrotum and those from leaves of C. trifurcatum have the highest fumigant activity and cause respectively the mortality of 48 and 40% against adults of T. confusum. The study of anti-appetent effect on larvae of T. confusum showed that C. segetum flowers essential oil has the significant feeding deterrent index (92.45±4.61) followed by the leaves essential oil obtained from C. fuscatum (71.20±19.22), without having a significant mortality on this larvae. The study of essential oil composition of the four Chrysanthemum species highlighted their richness on mono and sesqueterpenes that are known for their insecticidal activity. Though these findings are preliminary, they could represent the basis for further investigations on the questions raised in this work. In particular, additional research is needed to investigate the susceptibility of other stages of the insect life, such as pupae and eggs and to improve our understanding of how mono- and sesquiterpenoids act on insects. Practically, in view of a possible use of the most active mono- and sesquiterpenoids, it should be pointed out that longer exposure periods could be needed to bridge the tolerant phases of insects, some of which could be present at the time of application

Occurrence of conjugative IncF-type plasmids harboring the bla CTX-M-15 gene in Enterobacteriaceae isolates from newborns in Tunisia

Background:CTX-M-15 is the dominant type of extended-spectrum β-lactamase in clinical isolates. This enzyme constitutes the most widespread enzymes in Tunisia. In this study, we were interested to understand the causes of the evolutionary success of CTX-M-15 in a Tunisian university hospital.Methods:A total of of 72 cefotaxime-resistant Enterobacteriaceae were isolated from newborn patients at the hospital Taher sfar Mahdia in Tunisia and characterized their genetic support by means of molecular techniques.Results:Isolates were clustered into various clonal groups, although most isolates belonged to sequence types ST39 (Klebsiella pneumoniae) and ST131 (Escherichia coli). F replicons (FIA, FIB, and FII) were the most frequently detected replicon types in our collection (91.66%).Conclusion:This is the first report of QnrB-and CTX-M-15-encoding large IncF-type conjugative plasmids in Tunisia

Nanotechnology and Plant Extracts as a Future Control Strategy for Meat and Milk Products

Plant extracts, well known for their antibacterial and antioxidant activity, have potential to be widely used preservatives in the food industry as natural alternatives to numerous synthetic additives which have adverse impacts on health and the environment. Most plant compounds and extracts are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). The use of preservatives is of great importance for perishable foods such as meat and milk, which, along with their products, are commonly consumed food items globally. However, the bioavailability of plant compounds could be diminished by their interaction with food components, processing, and storage. Nanoencapsulation of plant extracts, especially essential oils, is an effective method for their application in food model systems. This technique increases the bioactivity of plant compounds by increasing their physical stability and reducing their size, without negative effects on organoleptic properties. Furthermore, a recent study showed that plant extracts act as good bioreductants for biosynthesis of nanoparticles. This so-called green synthesis method using plant extracts is a rapid, relatively inexpensive, safe, and efficient method for synthesis of nanoparticles including silver, gold, iron, lead, copper, cobalt, palladium, platinum, zinc, zinc oxide, titanium oxide, magnetite, and nickel. Some of these nanoparticles have antimicrobial potential which is why they are of great interest to the food industry. In this chapter, the nanoencapsulation of plant extracts and plant extract-mediated synthesis of nanoparticles and their potential application in order to improve the safety and quality and prolong the shelf life of meat and milk products are reviewed and discussed