The nature of light in an expanding universe

In this paper, we prove the existence of two degrees of freedom that govern the movement of light in an expanding universe. The use of the fractal manifold model leads to reciprocal causality between variation of geometry and gravity, which both play a complementary role in the universe architecture. This study unravels new facts about the distribution of matter in the universe, and provides a new interpretation of Dark Matter and Dark Energy.Comment: 25 page

Deterministic Elaboration of Heisenberg's Uncertainty Relation and the Nowhere Differentiability

In this paper the uncertainty principle is found via characteristics of continuous and nowhere differentiable functions. We prove that any physical system that has a continuous and nowhere differentiable position function is subject to an uncertainty in the simultaneous determination of values of its physical properties. The uncertainty in the simultaneous knowledge of the position deviation and the average rate of change of this deviation is found to be governed by a relation equivalent to the one discovered by Heisenberg in 1925. Conversely, we prove that any physical system with a continuous position function that is subject to an uncertainty relation must have a nowhere differentiable position function, which makes the set of continuous and nowhere differentiable functions a candidate for the quantum world.Comment: 15 pages, 1 figure, last version accepted for publication in Reports on Mathematical physics, July 201

Fractional Vector Calculus and Fractional Maxwell's Equations

The theory of derivatives and integrals of non-integer order goes back to Leibniz, Liouville, Grunwald, Letnikov and Riemann. The history of fractional vector calculus (FVC) has only 10 years. The main approaches to formulate a FVC, which are used in the physics during the past few years, will be briefly described in this paper. We solve some problems of consistent formulations of FVC by using a fractional generalization of the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus. We define the differential and integral vector operations. The fractional Green's, Stokes' and Gauss's theorems are formulated. The proofs of these theorems are realized for simplest regions. A fractional generalization of exterior differential calculus of differential forms is discussed. Fractional nonlocal Maxwell's equations and the corresponding fractional wave equations are considered.Comment: 42 pages, LaTe

Mass and total energy of moving bodies in a quantified expansion

In this paper, we present a new formulation of Lorentz transformations using a metric that quantifies the space expansion. As a consequence, we sort out that the limiting velocity of moving bodies is decreasing together with the space expansion. A new adjustment of relativistic laws is added to incorporate the non static nature of space-time. The conservation of the physical laws at each step of the quantified expansion allows the obtaining of new formalisms for the physical laws, in particular when an object starts moving under any force, its total energy, momentum and mass are directly affected by the expansion of the space. An example of inelastic collision is studied and several conclusions derived, specially the example of fission of atoms leads to clear correlation between liberated energy and universe expansion, it turns out that the liberated energy is increasing together with the universe expansion.Comment: 28 page

Phase-Field Approach for Faceted Solidification

We extend the phase-field approach to model the solidification of faceted materials. Our approach consists of using an approximate gamma-plot with rounded cusps that can approach arbitrarily closely the true gamma-plot with sharp cusps that correspond to faceted orientations. The phase-field equations are solved in the thin-interface limit with local equilibrium at the solid-liquid interface [A. Karma and W.-J. Rappel, Phys. Rev. E53, R3017 (1996)]. The convergence of our approach is first demonstrated for equilibrium shapes. The growth of faceted needle crystals in an undercooled melt is then studied as a function of undercooling and the cusp amplitude delta for a gamma-plot of the form 1+delta(|sin(theta)|+|cos(theta)|). The phase-field results are consistent with the scaling law "Lambda inversely proportional to the square root of V" observed experimentally, where Lambda is the facet length and V is the growth rate. In addition, the variation of V and Lambda with delta is found to be reasonably well predicted by an approximate sharp-interface analytical theory that includes capillary effects and assumes circular and parabolic forms for the front and trailing rough parts of the needle crystal, respectively.Comment: 1O pages, 2 tables, 17 figure

Scale relativity and fractal space-time: theory and applications

In the first part of this contribution, we review the development of the theory of scale relativity and its geometric framework constructed in terms of a fractal and nondifferentiable continuous space-time. This theory leads (i) to a generalization of possible physically relevant fractal laws, written as partial differential equation acting in the space of scales, and (ii) to a new geometric foundation of quantum mechanics and gauge field theories and their possible generalisations. In the second part, we discuss some examples of application of the theory to various sciences, in particular in cases when the theoretical predictions have been validated by new or updated observational and experimental data. This includes predictions in physics and cosmology (value of the QCD coupling and of the cosmological constant), to astrophysics and gravitational structure formation (distances of extrasolar planets to their stars, of Kuiper belt objects, value of solar and solar-like star cycles), to sciences of life (log-periodic law for species punctuated evolution, human development and society evolution), to Earth sciences (log-periodic deceleration of the rate of California earthquakes and of Sichuan earthquake replicas, critical law for the arctic sea ice extent) and tentative applications to system biology.Comment: 63 pages, 14 figures. In : First International Conference on the Evolution and Development of the Universe,8th - 9th October 2008, Paris, Franc