Costeo empaques de panela, planta de café Majavita.

The Majavita Coffee Plant operates at the Majavita Farm of the Socorro Sectional Free University, whose main activity is the production and processing of coffee. However, other activities are carried out in this one, such as the packaging of panela in sachets, which are distributed in the headquarters of the Socorro Section as sweeteners. The objective of this research is to determine the production costs involved in the production of panela packaging through the application of a costing system. In this case, two costs were applied: variable and totalEn la Hacienda Majavita de la Universidad Libre Seccional Socorro funciona la Planta de Café́ Majavita, la cual tiene como actividad principal la producción y procesamiento de café́. Sin embargo, en esta se desarrollan otras actividades como lo son el empaque de panela en sobres, los cuales se distribuyen en las sedes de la Seccional Socorro como endulzantes. El objetivo de esta investigación es determinar los costos de producción que conllevan la producción de empaques de panela a través de la aplicación de un sistema de costeo. En este caso se aplicaron dos costeos: variable y total

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality