37 research outputs found

    О Π’ΠžΠ—ΠœΠžΠ–ΠΠžΠ‘Π’Π―Π₯ ΠŸΠžΠ’Π«Π¨Π•ΠΠ˜Π― КОНВРАБВНОБВИ ПРИ Π˜Π—ΠœΠ•Π Π•ΠΠ˜Π―Π₯ ΠžΠ‘ΠͺΠ•ΠœΠΠžΠ™ ΠšΠžΠΠ¦Π•ΠΠ’Π ΠΠ¦Π˜Π˜ 131I Π‘Π¦Π˜ΠΠ’Π˜Π›Π›Π―Π¦Π˜ΠžΠΠΠ«ΠœΠ˜ Ξ³-Π‘ΠŸΠ•ΠšΠ’Π ΠžΠœΠ•Π’Π ΠΠœΠ˜

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    The main problem of measuring the 131I volume concentration (364-keV g-line) with gamma spectrometers with low-resolution scintillation detectors (NaI:Tl, CsI:Tl) is due to the overlap with the Compton edge (384 keV) from the attendant radiation of 76As. The problem can be largely eliminated by improving the energy resolution of the spectrometer, increasing the volume of the crystal, or using an anti-Compton spectrometer. Using the Monte Carlo simulation (GEANT4 package), the last two methods of increasing the contrast of instrumental energy spectra were investigated. It was found that an 8-fold increase in the scintillator volume improves the ratio of the 131I peak area to the area of the Compton continuum below it from the 76As radiation only by 1.42 times. Therefore, the main attention was paid to the comparative studies of the constructions of anti-Compton detectors based on CsI:Tl crystals in a detector-analyzer and a detector-protector. Several designs of anti-Compton detectors suitable for harsh application conditions at nuclear power plants were proposed. In the first of them, the protector crystal is in the form of a disk with a diameter equal to the diameter of the crystal analyzer, and in the second - in the form of a "glass" put on the crystal analyzer. The thickness of the protector crystals in both cases was 10 mm. The expected improvement in contrast with respect to the single-crystal design was up to 3 or more times. Modern nuclear electronics and computers make possible the successful application of this method in industrial spectrometric installations. The contrast of the resulting spectra could be increased by an order of magnitude or more in comparison with the simple anticoincidence spectra.Key words: energy resolution, peak of full absorption, g-lines, Compton scattering, anticoincidence, detector-analyzer, detector-protector.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2017.21.3.002Β Maxim P. Belousov, Oleg V. Ignatyev, Eugenia A. Kupchinskaya, Anton V. Kupchinsky, Sergey G. Morozov, Aleksey A. PulinΒ Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsinul. Mira, 19, Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russian Federation Основная ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ° измСрСния объСмной ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ 131I (g-линия 364 кэВ) Π³Π°ΠΌΠΌΠ°-спСктромСтрами со сцинтилляционными Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ (NaI:Tl, CsI:Tl) обусловлСна ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Ρ‚ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ с комптоновским ΠΊΡ€Π°Π΅ΠΌ (384 кэВ) ΠΎΡ‚ ΡΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ излучСния 76As. ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ Π² Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ стСпСни устранСна ΡƒΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ энСргСтичСского Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ спСктромСтра, ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ объСма кристалла ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ использованиСм антикомптоновского спСктромСтра. Π‘ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ модСлирования ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠœΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Π΅-ΠšΠ°Ρ€Π»ΠΎ (ΠΏΠ°ΠΊΠ΅Ρ‚ GEANT4) Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ исслСдованы Π΄Π²Π° послСдних способа увСличСния контрастности Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… энСргСтичСских спСктров. ВыяснСно, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ 8-ΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ объСма сцинтиллятора ΡƒΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΡˆΠ°Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ‰Π°Π΄ΠΈ ΠΏΠΈΠΊΠ° 131I ΠΊ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ‰Π°Π΄ΠΈ комптоновского ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½ΡƒΡƒΠΌΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΡ‚ излучСния 76As лишь Π² 1.42 Ρ€Π°Π·Π°. ΠŸΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ основноС Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ исслСдованиям конструкций антикомптоновских Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° основС кристаллов CsI:Tl Π² Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π΅-Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π΅ ΠΈ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π΅-ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π΅. ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ‹ Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹ конструкций антикомптоновских Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²,Β  ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… для ТСстких условий примСнСния Π½Π° АЭБ. Π’ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ… кристалл-ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ диска с Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ Ρ€Π°Π²Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€Ρƒ кристалла-Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°, Π° Π²ΠΎ Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΉ – Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ β€œΡΡ‚Π°ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°β€, Π½Π°Π΄Π΅Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π° кристалл-Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€. Π’ΠΎΠ»Ρ‰ΠΈΠ½Π° кристаллов-ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΈΡ… случаях Ρ€Π°Π²Π½Π° 10 ΠΌΠΌ. ОТидаСмоС ΡƒΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅  контрастности ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ ΠΊ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡΡ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ конструкции ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ Π΄ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈΠ³Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ… ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Ρ€Π°Π·. НамСчСны направлСния дальнСйшСго ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π²ΡƒΡ…ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡΡ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… спСктромСтров, ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… для мониторирования содСрТания Π² Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡƒΡ…Π΅ Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΡƒΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ΄Π° 131I. НаиболСС пСрспСктивным прСдставляСтся извСстный с 1960-Ρ… Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΉ Π²Ρ‹Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ· спСктра антисовпадСний (антикомптоновский спСктр) части спСктра совпадСний. Π‘ΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ядСрная элСктроника ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡŒΡŽΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Ρ‹ Β Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΡƒΡΠΏΠ΅ΡˆΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ этого ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… спСктромСтричСских установках. ΠšΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°ΡΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… спСктров ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½Π° Π½Π° порядок ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ с простыми спСктрами антисовпадСний.Β ΠšΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π²Ρ‹Π΅ слова:энСргСтичСскоС Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΏΠΈΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ поглощСния, g-Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ, комптоновскоС рассСяниС, антисовпадСния, Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€-Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€, Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€-ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2017.21.3.00

    The first experience of a hybrid approach in the surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation

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    Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia in clinical practice and is associated with an increased risk of death, progression of heart failure, and the development of cardiogenic thromboemboli. Despite the significant success in the management of AF in the paroxysmal form, the results of the treatment for patients with persistent forms of AF remain unsatisfactory. Though the surgical approach provides higher rates of efficiency regarding the restoration of a sinus rhythm, transmural lesions are not always attainable, as a result, the rate of AF recurrence in the long-term period remains fairly high. It is also impossible to create ablative patterns to the mitral and tricuspid valves during thoracoscopic epicardial ablation, which can cause the development of recurrent AF, perimitral and typical atrial flutter. Therefore, the development of hybrid approaches combining the advantages of catheter and thoracoscopic techniques is an urgent task of contemporary surgical and interventional arrhythmology. Aims: to estimate the immediate results of a hybrid approach in the management of patients with persistent AF. Methods: We report the first experience of a hybrid treatment of patients with persistent AF. 6 patients aged 53-64 years (1 female, 5 males) were included in the study. At the first stage, thoracoscopic epicardial bipolar ablation was performed (modified GALAXY protocol); the second stage (in 3 to 6 months after the thoracoscopic stage) included an intracardiac electrophysiological study with three-dimensional endocardial mapping followed by endocardial ablation. Results: The thoracoscopic stage of the hybrid treatment included ablation according to the box lesion scheme using a bipolar irrigation equipment. No lethal outcomes and severe, life-threatening complications were registered. The duration of the inpatient period was 510 hospital-days. The 2nd stage of the hybrid treatment was limited to intracardiac electrophysiological examination only in 2 patients. In 4 patients, epicardial radiofrequency ablation was complemented by endocardial radiofrequency exposure. In 3 of the 4 patients who underwent endocardial radiofrequency ablation, catheter ablation of the mitral and cavotricuspid isthmus was required because of the induction of perimitral and typical flutter, respectively. After the 2nd stage of the hybrid treatment, at the time of discharge all the patients maintained a stable sinus rhythm. There were no severe complications or lethal outcomes. Conclusion: a hybrid approach in the AF management is a safe and effective method of treatment, which combines the advantages of minimally invasive surgery and endocardial intervention in patients with persistent AF. The technique is safe and has acceptable short-term results

    Formation Nanocrystalline Phases of Palladium and Platinum on a Carbon Support in Autoclave Conditions

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    ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ элСктронной микроскопии, Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ адсорбции ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Ρ„ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚Ρ‹ разлоТСния комплСксных соСдинСний ΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ ΠΈ палладия ΠΈΠ· Π°ΠΌΠΌΠΈΠ°Ρ‡Π½ΠΎ- Ρ‰Π΅Π»ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… растворов Π² Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊΠ»Π°Π²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… условиях ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π΅ 170 Β°Π‘. УстановлСно, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π² Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ высокодиспСрсныС ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ ΠΈ палладия. Показана Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ формирования мСталличСских наночастиц ΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ ΠΈ палладия Π½Π° повСрхностях Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΡƒΠ³Π»Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… носитСлСй Π² Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊΠ»Π°Π²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… условиях. ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ элСктронной микроскопии исслСдовано распрСдСлСниС мСталличСских наночастиц Π½Π° повСрхностях ΡƒΠ³Π»Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… носитСлСйDecomposition products of platinum and palladium in ammonia- alkaline solutions under autoclave conditions at a temperature of 170 Β°C were characterized by electron microscopy method, gas adsorption and X-ray diffraction. It is established that as a result of thermolysis the fine-dispersed powders of platinum and palladium are formed. The possibility of forming of platinum and palladium metal nanoparticles on the surfaces of various carbon substrates under autoclave conditions is shown. The distribution of metal particles on the surface of carbon substrates were investigated by electron microscopy metho

    Interaction of Rhodium with Chloro-Complexes of Palladium at Elevated Temperatures

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    Π‘ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠΊΠΈ высокодиспСрсного родия ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎ- ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ структуры. Π˜ΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ процСссы укрупнСния кристаллитов нанодиспСрсного родия. ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ элСктронной ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Ρ‡ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ микроскопии ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΡ„Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ процСсс укрупнСния Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ 130 ΠΈ 180 Β°Π‘. УстановлСно, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π² растворах соляной кислоты Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡŽΠ΄Π°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ растворСниС родия (0), связанноС с Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π° Π΅Π³ΠΎ повСрхности хСмосорбированного кислорода. Π’ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ образования Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€Π΄Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΉ- ΠΏΠ°Π»Π»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠ΅Π²Ρ‹Ρ… растворов замСщСния ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ Ρ†Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈPowders of superfine rhodium with mono- and polyblock structures were obtained. The processes of coarsening of nanodispersed rhodium crystallites were investigated in detail at 130 and 180 Β°C. In muriatic solutions, dissolution of metal rhodium was found to occur. It was connected with the presence of chemisorbed oxygen at its surface. The possibility of formation of rhodium-palladium substitutional solid solutions on the electrolytic precipitation was firstly establishe

    Formation Nanocrystalline Phases of Palladium and Platinum on a Carbon Support in Autoclave Conditions

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    ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ элСктронной микроскопии, Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ адсорбции ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Ρ„ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚Ρ‹ разлоТСния комплСксных соСдинСний ΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ ΠΈ палладия ΠΈΠ· Π°ΠΌΠΌΠΈΠ°Ρ‡Π½ΠΎ- Ρ‰Π΅Π»ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… растворов Π² Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊΠ»Π°Π²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… условиях ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π΅ 170 Β°Π‘. УстановлСно, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π² Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ высокодиспСрсныС ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ ΠΈ палладия. Показана Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ формирования мСталличСских наночастиц ΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ ΠΈ палладия Π½Π° повСрхностях Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΡƒΠ³Π»Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… носитСлСй Π² Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊΠ»Π°Π²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… условиях. ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ элСктронной микроскопии исслСдовано распрСдСлСниС мСталличСских наночастиц Π½Π° повСрхностях ΡƒΠ³Π»Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… носитСлСйDecomposition products of platinum and palladium in ammonia- alkaline solutions under autoclave conditions at a temperature of 170 Β°C were characterized by electron microscopy method, gas adsorption and X-ray diffraction. It is established that as a result of thermolysis the fine-dispersed powders of platinum and palladium are formed. The possibility of forming of platinum and palladium metal nanoparticles on the surfaces of various carbon substrates under autoclave conditions is shown. The distribution of metal particles on the surface of carbon substrates were investigated by electron microscopy metho

    Interaction of Rhodium with Chloro-Complexes of Palladium at Elevated Temperatures

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    Π‘ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠΊΠΈ высокодиспСрсного родия ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎ- ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ структуры. Π˜ΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ процСссы укрупнСния кристаллитов нанодиспСрсного родия. ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ элСктронной ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Ρ‡ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ микроскопии ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΡ„Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ процСсс укрупнСния Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ 130 ΠΈ 180 Β°Π‘. УстановлСно, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π² растворах соляной кислоты Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡŽΠ΄Π°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ растворСниС родия (0), связанноС с Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π° Π΅Π³ΠΎ повСрхности хСмосорбированного кислорода. Π’ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ образования Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€Π΄Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΉ- ΠΏΠ°Π»Π»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠ΅Π²Ρ‹Ρ… растворов замСщСния ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ Ρ†Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈPowders of superfine rhodium with mono- and polyblock structures were obtained. The processes of coarsening of nanodispersed rhodium crystallites were investigated in detail at 130 and 180 Β°C. In muriatic solutions, dissolution of metal rhodium was found to occur. It was connected with the presence of chemisorbed oxygen at its surface. The possibility of formation of rhodium-palladium substitutional solid solutions on the electrolytic precipitation was firstly establishe

    Autoclave Synthesis Pd-Au and Pd-Pt Nanoparticles on Carbon Substrates

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    Π“ΠΈΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ восстановлСниСм Ρ…Π»ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ΄Π° тСтраамминпалладия(II) Π² Ρ‰Π΅Π»ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… срСдах ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ 170 Β°C Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ синтСзированы ΠΏΠ°Π»Π»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΉ-ΡƒΠ³Π»Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ‹. Π‘ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ элСктронной микроскопиСй исслСдованы морфология ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Ρ‹ мСталличСских Ρ„Π°Π·. ВзаимодСйствиСм ΠΏΠ°Π»Π»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΉ-ΡƒΠ³Π»Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² с солянокислыми растворами Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡ‚Π° (III) ΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ (IV) ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ 130 Β°C ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Ρ‹ бимСталличСскиС частицы Pd-Au ΠΈ Pd-Pt Π½Π° ΡƒΠ³Π»Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… носитСлях. Π Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΡ„Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΌ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρ„Π°Π·Π° ΠΏΠ°Π»Π»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΉ-Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎ прСдставляСт собой Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€Π΄Ρ‹ΠΉ раствор замСщСния. УстановлСно, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π²Π°Ρ€ΡŒΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ содСрТания Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡ‚Π° (III) ΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ (IV) Π² растворС ΠΈ мСталличСского палладия Π² исходном ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ‚Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ‹ с Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ²Palladium-carbon composite material was synthesized by hydrothermal reduction of tetraammin palladium chloride (II) in alkaline media at 170 Β° C. Morphology and size of the metal phase were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. Bimetallic particles Pd-Au and Pt-Pd on carbon substrates were prepared by interaction of palladium-carbon materials with muriatic solutions of gold(III) and platinum (IV) at 130 Β°C. It is found that varying contents of gold (III) and platinum (IV) in solution and the palladium metal in the initial composite may be prepared material with different ratios of metals. The phase of a palladium-gold is a substitutional solid solution was shown by X-ray diffractio

    Precipitation of Platinum Group Metals from Solutions of Precious Metals Refinery

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    Π’ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ рассмотрСна Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ осаТдСния ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡ‹ ΠΈΠ· растворов, ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ…ΡΡ Π² процСссС Π°Ρ„Ρ„ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΆΠ°, Π² ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Π΅ доизвлСчСния Ρ†Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡŒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ объСмов Π½Π΅Π·Π°Π²Π΅Ρ€ΡˆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ производства. ОсобоС Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡Π΅ осаТдСния иридия ΠΈΠ· растворов Ρ„ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡˆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ очисткиFeasibility of precipitation of platinum group metals from solutions formed during the process of refining was considered in this work. It is of importance for reextracting valuable components and reduction of the volume of work-in-process. Particular attention has been given to the task of precipitation of iridium from waste solutions of precious metals refiner

    Distribution and morphology of mud volcanoes and other fluid flow-related lake-bed structures in Lake Baikal, Russia

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    New high-resolution multibeam bathymetry data recorded in 2009 in the deepest lake in the World, Lake Baikal, Siberia, enabled a better understanding of the morphology of ten known lake-bed structures-the Bolshoy, Malenki, Malyutka and Stari mud volcanoes in the South Baikal Basin, the K1-4 structures in the Selenga delta, and the Novosibirsk and St. Petersburg structures in the Central Baikal Basin-and also the discovery of 29 new lake-bed structures. These new structures are the S1, Tolstiy, mTSG and S2 in the South Baikal Basin, the P1-P4, P6-P19 and K5-K8 in the Selenga delta accommodation zone, and the C1, C3 and C4 edifices in the Central Baikal Basin. In all, 39 positive relief structures were identified and their large-scale distribution mapped. Based on their typical shape, the observation of high-reflectivity areas on side-scan sonar data records, and evidence of feeder channels on subsurface data, these structures can be classified as mud volcanoes. This has already been confirmed in other publications for the Bolshoy, Malenki and K2 structures, by the recovery of mud breccias in sediment cores. Most structures occur on or near faults and have orientations parallel with the major faults and main stress orientations in the basins, suggesting a strong structural control on the formation of the mud volcanoes. Their slopes are generally steeper than 5A degrees, consistent with interpretation as mud cones formed by high-viscosity, stiff mud plugs. Only few structures appear to be characterised by a crater, in which case this apparent crater seems to be formed by the coalescence of several single cones, leaving a depression in the centre. Some structures have a moat, which has probably an erosional origin. Furthermore, three depressions have been found, named P5, P20 and C2, which are suggested to be pockmarks
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