Algorithms for solving inverse geophysical problems on parallel computing systems

For solving inverse gravimetry problems, efficient stable parallel algorithms based on iterative gradient methods are proposed. For solving systems of linear algebraic equations with block-tridiagonal matrices arising in geoelectrics problems, a parallel matrix sweep algorithm, a square root method, and a conjugate gradient method with preconditioner are proposed. The algorithms are implemented numerically on a parallel computing system of the Institute of Mathematics and Mechanics (PCS-IMM), NVIDIA graphics processors, and an Intel multi-core CPU with some new computing technologies. The parallel algorithms are incorporated into a system of remote computations entitled "Specialized Web-Portal for Solving Geophysical Problems on Multiprocessor Computers." Some problems with "quasi-model" and real data are solved. © 2013 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

Transformation of value and income indicators and their accounting and analytical support

Purpose: The objective of the article is to identify and evaluate transformational changes related to the degree of usefulness of effective financial indicators formed on the accounting basis. These indicators are extremely important for choosing the most effective investment and economic policy of the stakeholders. Structure/Methodology/Approach: To improve the quality and the value of accounting information, as well as to manage the profits and the value of business entities, the following has been revealed: first, the impact of static and dynamic concept of accounting; second, capabilities and limitations of integration of various accounting models and procedures; third, recommendations allowing adoption of accounting tools to the procedures of increasing standardization in financial statements. Findings: In order to reveal the impact of modern accounting procedures on the system of financial and economic performance indicators, a system of accounting procedures and indicators has been proposed. Practical Implications: The results of this study can be implemented into management practice to improve efficiency of property management for business units. Originality/Value: The core value of the study is to shift emphasis onto the aggregation of accounting and analytical tools for evaluation of property and inclusion of information reliability parameters into the system of financial and economic forecasting of business development.peer-reviewe

Basal insulin analogues in the diabetes mellitus type 2 control — economic aspects

Economic aspects of insulin analogues — glargine and detemir — in the control of diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM 2) has been prepared in according to needs of the Russian health care system. It has been done that for equal control of DM 2 insulin glargine should be administered in less doses than insulin glargine based on randomized clinical trials results. Results of Russian observational studies of real practice do not show diff erence in doses of both. In the same time glargine has a better effi cacy and safety than detemir based on amount of patients with DM 2 reached targeted levels of control and hypoglycemic events. Clinicaleconomic analysis as well as sensitive analysis did not fi nd any economic advantages of detemir compare with glargine having higher cost for pack. Needed doses diff erentiation of glargine and detemir for equal results of DM 2 control should be taken into account for reimbursement

Cost-minimization analysis of application acetylsalicylic acid in cardiac elderly patients

Objective: To conduct a comparative pharmacoeconomic analysis of Cardiomagnyl and Trombo ACC during antiplatelet therapy of cardiac patients. Methodology: Clinical studies have demonstrated equal efficacy of drugs containing acetylsalicylic acid so this analysis model is a «cost-minimization» and consists of a single line therapy, providing short-term economic evaluation (12 months therapy). Results: Antiplatelet therapy with Cardiomagnyl in cardiac elderly patients reduce the cost of the annual rate of pharmacotherapy for 220 rubles in the calculation of per patient compared with therapy Trombo ACC by reducing the cost of correction the side effects. Expenses for correction of side effects when using Cardiomagnyl less on 737 rubles per patient than with Thrombo ACC

Pharmacoeconomic evaluation of pramipexole extended release monotherapy in early Parkinson’s disease

Objective. Health economic expertise of pramipexole extended release monotherapy at early stages of Parkinson’s disease. Methods. An economic model was developed based on clinical studies to derive comparative information on the effectiveness, utility and direct medical costs of antiparkinsonian treatment strategies over a year period. Cost-effectiveness, cost-utility and budget impact of comparative therapies were assessed. Results. Mirapex® extended release (ER) has the lowest cost-effectiveness ratio (31 499 rub. per a patient a year responded to antiparkinsonian therapy) and the lowest cost-utility ratio (2 562 rub. for decrease of degree of abnormalities of daily activities and motive abnormalities per a point of UPDRS scale). Budget impact analysis demonstrated that pramipexole ER monotherapy resulted in cost saving of 6 499 rub. (20 %) compared to Pronoran®, 26 918 rub. (51%) compared to Requip Modutab® and 24 966 rub. (49%) compared to Azilect® per a year of therapy. Mirapex® ER was the dominant strategy demonstrating higher effectiveness at lower costs in Parkinson’s disease treatment

Quantum orientational melting of mesoscopic clusters

By path integral Monte Carlo simulations we study the phase diagram of two - dimensional mesoscopic clusters formed by electrons in a semiconductor quantum dot or by indirect magnetoexcitons in double quantum dots. At zero (or sufficiently small) temperature, as quantum fluctuations of particles increase, two types of quantum disordering phenomena take place: first, at small values of quantum de Boer parameter q < 0.01 one can observe a transition from a completely ordered state to that in which different shells of the cluster, being internally ordered, are orientationally disordered relative to each other. At much greater strengths of quantum fluctuations, at q=0.1, the transition to a disordered (superfluid for the boson system) state takes place.Comment: 4 pages, 6 Postscript figure

Cost minimization analysis of using «Ethanol wipes «МК Aseptic»»

It was conducted cost-minimization analysis (CMA) for use in a hospital medical product «Ethanol wipes «МК Aseptic»» in comparison with «routine» practice of making and using gauze (or cotton balls) and 70% ethanol or 70% isopropyl alcohol. CMA has shown that when calculating manufacturing «manual» method gauze moistened with 70% ethanol, the manufacturing cost will be 3.62 rub. /pcs., which is 2.5 once higher than the purchase price of products manufactured on an industrial scale. In calculating the production of «manual» method of cotton balls moistened with 70% ethanol, the cost of manufacturing was 2.79 rub. /pcs., which is 1.9 once higher than the purchase price of products manufactured on an industrial scale. The dominant technology was the «Ethanol wipes «МК Aseptic»»

Accounting procedures in the system of searching and generating the balance sheet of accounting information by various stakeholder groups

This article emphasizes the importance of analyzing critically and using the multi-option models of running the accounting records that make it possible to considerably improve the harmonization of interests of various stakeholder groups and the quality of the accounting data as well. The authors have resorted to various conceptual principles as their study subject to carry out the research that is used by modern science and that is intended to tackle the challenges of realizing a quantum leap in business processes. The authors have demonstrated the peculiarities of generating and using multi-option models of running the accounting records, the specific features of their demonstration in the GAAP, IFRS systems, the continental accounting model and in the Russian practices. They consider the aggregate scenarios in financial and economic development of business entities as obtained by means of accounting sampling to be the most promising trend in optimizing the accounting information in the system of possible stakeholder inquiries. By reference to the results of the research the authors conclude that the interests of the property owners, executive management and mass public that are aimed at the neutrality criterion as obtained by means of the accounting information should be harmonized.peer-reviewe

The economic prognosis of the new analog of insulin glargine usage in diabetes mellitus type 2

Modelling has been performed for evaluation of economic perspectives of new insulin glargine 300 IU/ml usage for diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) control based on literature analysis of non-direct comparison with insulin detemir. Evaluation of the reimbursement’s reasonability for insulin glargine 300 IU/ml in clinical practice was the aim of this analysis. Utility cost of insulin glargine 300 IU/ml is higher than insulin detemir for 1 IU on 25,2% (according to Governmental Reestr of maximal manufacturers’ prices). Meanwhile efficacy of insulin glargine on control of DM2 is higher than insulin detemir (61,7% and 42,5% accordingly, Odds Ratio 2,18, 95%CI 1,41-3,34; p=0,01). Besides that, insulin glargine had less amount of hypoglycemic events, less necessity for out-patients visits and hospitalizations. Calculated “cost-effective ratio” (CER), which has included annual insulins’ cost, potential expenditures for severe hypo treatment, cost of medical aid for out-patients and in-patients has been more preferable for insulin glargine (CER for insulin glargine 46 252,40 RUR, for insulin detemir 76 681,01 RUR). Conclusion: Modelling has confirmed the economic rationality of insulin glargine 300 IU/ml usage for effective DM2 control in governmental reimbursement system because budget expenditures will not increase (expert’s conclusion). Prospective comparable trials in the future are important for economic evaluation