Áreas de riesgo agroclimático para cuatro rotaciones de cultivos de la región oriental agropecuaria de La Pampa (Argentina)

Climatic risks imply the probability of occurrence of extreme weather conditions, events that can threaten nature and human activities with a particular pattern of low frequency. They are termed agroclimatic risks when affecting farm production. The aim of this work was to assess an index of agroclimatic risk (ACR), based on the study of soil water climatology and simulation of different crop rotation schedules. The ACR index scoring was based on a scale of values running from 0 (minimum risk) to 1 (maximum risk). Four crop rotation schedules, under conditions of dry-land farming, were tested in 21 sites all over the Eastern region of La Pampa province: fallow land - wheat crop (FL-WC), lucerne pasture - wheat crop (LP-WC), fallow land - sunflower crop (FL-SC) and winter annual grass pasture - sunflower crop (WP-SC). Maps, generated with information involving the application for decades of FL-WC, LP-WC, FL-SC and WP-SC rotation schedules, showed the yearly occurrence of partial or absolute droughts during the warm semester. Rotation Schedule FL-WC exhibited lower ACR values (0.1 to 0.4) than LP-WC (0.1 to 0.6), FL-SC (0.4 to 0.5) and WP-SC (0.4 to 0.5 ). In all cases, ACR index took higher values for the Centraland South-Eastern regions than the North-Eastern region of La Pampa province.Los riesgos climáticos son, en esencia, la probabilidad de ocurrencia de eventos de baja frecuencia que más tarde o más temprano terminan desarrollándose, guiados por su particular periodicidad. Estos riesgos se convierten en agroclimáticos cuando afectan a la producción agropecuaria. En el presente trabajo se calculó un índice de riesgo agroclimático (RAC) basado en el estudio de la climatología del agua del suelo simulando diferentes planteos rotacionales. El RAC toma valores entre 0 (riesgo mínimo) y 1 (riesgo máximo). Se utilizaron cuatro planteos rotacionales en secano: barbecho-trigo, alfalfa-trigo, barbecho-girasol y verdeo de invierno-girasol en veintiuna localidades de la región oriental agropecuaria de La Pampa. Los mapas muestran que en las cuatro rotaciones analizadas, durante todas las décadas que involucra cada planteo, se presentaron condiciones de sequía condicional o absoluta dentro de la época del año correspondiente al semestre cálido. La rotación barbecho-trigo presenta menor riesgo climático (RAC: 0.1 a 0.4) que alfalfa trigo (RAC: 0.1 a 0.6), barbecho-girasol (RAC: 0.4 a 0.5) y verdeo de invierno-girasol (RAC: 0.4 a 0.5). Los planteos rotacionales que involucran a un cultivo anual invernal (trigo) y los que consideran un cultivo anual estival (girasol) presentan mayor riesgo agroclimático de deficiencia hídrica en la zona centro-sur de la región agropecuaria pampeana que en la del nor-noreste

Aprendizajes y prácticas educativas en las actuales condiciones de época: COVID-19

“Esta obra colectiva es el resultado de una convocatoria a docentes, investigadores y profesionales del campo pedagógico a visibilizar procesos investigativos y prácticas educativas situadas en el marco de COVI-19. La misma se inscribe en el trabajo llevado a cabo por el equipo de Investigación responsable del Proyecto “Sentidos y significados acerca de aprender en las actuales condiciones de época: un estudio con docentes y estudiantes de la educación secundarias en la ciudad de Córdoba” de la Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. El momento excepcional que estamos atravesando, pero que también nos atraviesa, ha modificado la percepción temporal a punto tal que habitamos un tiempo acelerado y angustiante que nos exige la producción de conocimiento provisorio. La presente publicación surge como un espacio para detenernos a documentar lo que nos acontece y, a su vez, como oportunidad para atesorar y resguardar las experiencias educativas que hemos construido, inventado y reinventando en este contexto. En ella encontrarán pluralidad de voces acerca de enseñar y aprender durante la pandemia. Este texto es una pausa para reflexionar sobre el hacer y las prácticas educativas por venir”.Fil: Beltramino, Lucia (comp.). Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades. Escuela de Archivología; Argentina

Impact of the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID19) pandemic on the morbidity and mortality of high risk patients undergoing surgery: a non-inferiority retrospective observational study

Background: During the COVID-19 crisis it was necessary to generate a specific care network and reconvert operating rooms to attend emergency and high-acuity patients undergoing complex surgery. The aim of this study is to classify postoperative complications and mortality and to assess the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic may have had on the results. Methods: this is a non-inferiority retrospective observational study. Two different groups of surgical patients were created: Pre-pandemic COVID and Pandemic COVID. Severity of illness was rated according to the Diagnosis-related Groups (DRG) score. Comparisons were made between groups and between DRG severity score-matched samples. Non-inferiority was set at up to 10 % difference for grade III to V complications according to the Clavien-Dindo classification, and up to 2 % difference in mortality. Results: A total of 1649 patients in the PreCOVID group and 763 patients in the COVID group were analysed; 371 patients were matched for DRG severity score 3-4 (236 preCOVID and 135 COVID). No differences were found in relation to re-operation (22.5 % vs. 21.5 %) or late admission to critical care unit (5.1 % vs. 4.5 %). Clavien grade III to V complications occurred in 107 patients (45.3 %) in the PreCOVID group and in 56 patients (41.5 %) in the COVID group, and mortality was 12.7 % and 12.6 %, respectively. During the pandemic, 3 % of patients tested positive for Covid-19 on PCR: 12 patients undergoing elective surgery and 11 emergency surgery; there were 5 deaths, 3 of which were due to respiratory failure following Covid-19-induced pneumonia. Conclusions: Although this study has some limitations, it has shown the non-inferiority of surgical outcomes during the COVID pandemic, and indicates that resuming elective surgery is safe

The Formin INF2 regulates basolateral-to-apical transcytosis and lumen formation in association with Cdc42 and MAL2

Transcytosis is a widespread pathway for apical targeting in epithelial cells. MAL2, an essential protein of the machinery for apical transcytosis, functions by shuttling in vesicular carriers between the apical zone and the cell periphery. We have identified INF2, an atypical formin with actin polymerization and depolymerization activities, which is a binding partner of MAL2. MAL2-positive vesicular carriers associate with short actin filaments during transcytosis in a process requiring INF2. INF2 binds Cdc42 in a GTP-loaded-dependent manner. Cdc42 and INF2 regulate MAL2 dynamics and are necessary for apical transcytosis and the formation of lateral lumens in hepatoma HepG2 cells. INF2 and MAL2 are also essential for the formation of the central lumen in organotypic cultures of epithelial MDCK cells. Our results reveal a functional mechanism whereby Cdc42, INF2, and MAL2 are sequentially ordered in a pathway dedicated to the regulation of transcytosis and lumen formation.14 page(s