Modélisation des exigences en UML/SysML

National audienceRésumé L'ingénierie des exigences est une activité primordiale dans tout développement de systèmes. En ingénierie système (IS) tout ingénieur est formé à la capture et à l'ingénierie des exigences. L'INCOSE et l'OMG, quand ils ont développé SysML [3] à partir d'UML [1], ont introduit explicitement la notion d'exigence comme élément de modélisation. Un diagramme ainsi qu'une table des exigences leur sont même dédiés. Nous expliquons dans cet article comment les exigences sont modélisées, et surtout comment elles sont liées avec le reste de la modélisation structurelle et comportementale. Nous apportons notre analyse sur les manques constatés par les industriels et dressons quelques pistes d'améliorations futures

Functional Politicization in the Dutch Senior Civil Service:Evidence from Longitudinal Surveys and Qualitative Research (2007-2019)

Although substantial advances have been made in our comprehension of functional politicization - political capacities and activities being taken on by bureaucrats in their administrative duties - questions surrounding its causal mechanisms remain. To shed light on these questions, we here explore increasing political polarization (and fragmentation) in Dutch politics and functional politicization over the period 2007-2019 to see how the two are related. To do so, we adopt a cross-time approach that observes which skills - political-strategic insight, substantive expertise (Fachwissen), or procedural knowledge (Dienstwissen) - senior civil servants perceive to be the most relevant to successfully and correctly exercise their profession in a period of increasing polarization in the Dutch political landscape. Drawing from surveys conducted with senior civil servants in 2007, 2013 and 2019, combined with semi-structured interviews conducted in 2019, the data depicts the prevalence of political astuteness in the profession and highlights the factors for its causes: institutional, organizational, and interpersonal dynamics. This indicates an (in)direct link between political polarization and functional politicization of the administrative apparatus that serves as a basis for further cross-time and cross-country investigation

Modeling and verification of Functional and Non-Functional Requirements of ambient Self-Adaptive Systems

International audienceSelf-Adaptive Systems modify their behavior at run-time in response to changing environmental conditions. For these systems, Non-Functional Requirements play an important role, and one has to identify as early as possible the requirements that are adaptable. We propose an integrated approach for modeling and verify- ing the requirements of Self-Adaptive Systems using Model Driven Engineering techniques. For this, we use Relax, which is a Requirements Engineering language which introduces flexibility in Non-Functional Require- ments. We then use the concepts of Goal-Oriented Requirements Engineering for eliciting and modeling the requirements of Self-Adaptive Systems. For properties verification, we use OMEGA2/IFx profile and toolset. We illustrate our proposed approach by applying it on an academic case study

Early Analysis of Ambient Systems SysML Properties using OMEGA2-IFx

International audienceFormal methods provide tools to verify the consistency and correctness of a specification with respect to the desired properties of the system. This verification is important as the development of an AAL (Ambient Assisted Living) system involves different technologies (medical services, surveillance cameras, intelligent devices, etc.) requiring a strong consistency checking between models. We illustrate in this paper how we prove some of the properties of the system before the development even starts. To model the AAL system, we use the SysML language. In terms of tools, we used Rational Rhapsody in combination with the OMEGA2 profile which is an executable Uml/SysML profile used for the formal specification and validation of critical real-time systems. This profile is supported by the IFx toolset which provides mechanisms for the model simulation and properties verification of the AAL system

Minority Stress and Sleep Health in Sexual and Gender Minorities

Sexual and gender minority (SGM) adults are a health disparity population at high risk for poor sleep health. A small but growing body of literature has investigated the influence of minority stressors (i.e., distinct and chronic stressors, such as discrimination, related to stigmatized minority status) on sleep health outcomes in SGM adults. However, investigators have yet to comprehensively examine the relationship between minority stressors and poor sleep health in SGM people or factors that potentially mediate or modify this association. Further, existing studies on sleep health in SGM adults have been limited to self-reported data and by their cross-sectional designs. This dissertation research filled these gaps by using validated subjective and objective measures of sleep health, longitudinal cohort data to examine mechanisms underlying the relationship between minority stress and sleep health outcomes, and ecological momentary assessment to investigate the associations between minority stressors and sleep health outcomes at the day level. Findings indicated that intolerance of uncertainty partially mediated the positive association between experiences of discrimination and short sleep duration in gender minority adults. Further, greater daily experiences of discrimination were associated with same-night sleep disturbances, while daily anticipated discrimination was associated with next-day sleep related impairment in SGM people of color. Dissertation findings suggest that interventions, such as SGM sensitive, affirmative CBT, can target both minority stressors and mediating variables (e.g., intolerance of uncertainty) and may be beneficial in improving sleep health outcomes in SGM adults

Des buts à la modélisation système : une approche de modélisation des exigences centrée utilisateur

International audienceUn des problèmes en ingénierie des exigences consiste à capter les besoins des utilisateurs le mieux possible. Or force est de constater que les supports d’ingénierie tels que les modèles orientés but ou les diagrammes d’exigences orientés système tels que ceux de SYSML sont parfois trop complexes pour les utilisateurs finaux. Dans cet article, nous proposons un processus systématique permettant aux utilisateurs d’exprimer les exigences à l’aide de modèles cognitifs plus simples tels que les Mind Maps. Ces derniers sont alors transformés en modèles KAOS puis en modèles SYSML en appliquant des techniques de transformations de modèles. Nous avons appliqué cette approche à un cas d’application industriel

Tackling Rogue Landlords and Substandard Housing:Local Authorities’ Legal Instruments and their Effectiveness

Purpose – In 2011, Dutch municipalities requested supplementary legal enforcement instruments to tackle rogue landlords and substandard housing. The national government implemented new legislation granting municipalities’ local authorities more legal instruments in 2015. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the application and effectiveness of these instruments. Design/methodology/approach – Using both quantitative and qualitative (legal) empirical research methods, this study establishes the frequency these instruments are used and the manner they are applied in practice to determine their role in limiting abusive practices of rogue landlords. Findings – By comparing legislation and policies with their enforcement, the authors pinpoint differences between the law in the books and the law in practice and argue that the legal instruments have a stronger effect on the informal power than on formal power of local authorities. Moreover, the paper shows that the shift of responsibility from the Public Prosecutions Office to local authorities has left the Public Prosecutions Office disinterested, feeling that it no longer has to deal with substandard housing violations at all, therefore leaving the repeat offenders free to continue their activities with minor consequences. Originality/value – The paper presents original data on the ways governments address substandard housing and rogue landlords. This is the first study that analyses the fight against substandard housing in the Dutch context. Although centred on legislation and procedures in The Netherland, the paper’s findings are relevant in other jurisdictions facing similar issues

In-Depth Analysis on Radiation Induced Multi-Level Dark Current Random Telegraph Signal in Silicon Solid State Image Sensors

Radiation-induced phenomena constitute a big concern for image sensors dedicated to space application. Particles(such as protons or electrons) can impact the crystalline structure of the detector and create switches in the dark response. This may be a problem, especially for calibration and so on image quality. This article aims at expressing the method used for switch detection and showing some properties of these Random Telegraph Signals (RTS), concerning, among other things, their amplitudes, discrete levels, and switching times. A first analysis of these results is also given

Assay of classification of theories about social function of contract.

O C?digo Civil estabelece que a liberdade contratual deve ser exercida em raz?o e nos limites da fun??o social do contrato, contudo, n?o define o conte?do ou a aplica??o dessa fun??o social. Por isso, ainda prevalece dissenso na literatura civil e jurisprud?ncia p?trias sobre o princ?pio. Dessa forma, esse artigo objetiva listar e classificar, de maneira expositiva, algumas concep??es doutrin?rias sobre conte?do e aplica??o da fun??o social do contrato, para ent?o mostrar se o Superior Tribunal de Justi?a, principal tribunal brasileiro no que tange ? aplica??o da lei civil, adota alguma dessas concep??es. Apesar da conclus?o de que nenhuma teoria predomina, o trabalho se mostra importante, na medida em que oferece exposi??o imparcial de v?rias concep??es doutrin?rias sobre o princ?pio da fun??o social do contrato, o que n?o se encontrou alhures durante a pesquisa.The Civil Code establishes that freedom of contract must be exercised founded and within limits of social function of contracts, nevertheless, it does not define contempt or application to this social function. That is why still dissent in Brazilian civil literature and jurisprudence about the principle prevails. Hence, this paper objective is to list and classify, in an expositive way, some conceptions about the social function of contracts, and then show if Superior Tribunal de Justi?a, main Brazilian Court concerning civil law application, applies any of these conceptions. Despite the conclusion that none of the theories prevail, this work is important once it offers impartial exposure of many theories conceptions about the principle of social function of the contracts, what was not found elsewhere during the research

X-ray lensless microscopy from undersampled diffraction intensities

International audienceX-ray coherent diffraction imaging including ptychography provides the nanoscale resolved three-dimensional description of matter. The combination of these approaches to the Bragg geometry case arouses a strong interest for its capability to provide information about strain state in crystals. Among the existing approaches, ptychography is particularly appealing because it allows the investigation of extended or weakly scattering samples. Coherent diffraction imaging approaches, based on redundancy in the collected diffraction intensity data set, are highly time consuming and rely on state-of-the-art mechanical setups, both being strong limitations for a general application. We show here that these can be overcome by regularization-based inversion algorithms introducing a priori structural knowledge. This method, which can be generalized to other wavelengths or beam sources, opens new possibilities for the imaging of radiation-sensitive specimens or very large samples