MEASURABILITY OF SET-VALUED FUNCTIONS

In the paper to the definition of measurability of set-valued functions such a a-algebra is presented by which the well-known properties of the real functions will furtheron hold, e.g. Lusin's and Egorov's theorems. The first two theorems discuss the correlation of the various definitions of measurability applied in the mathematical literature. The difficulty of proof lies in the fact that the Q space does not inherit the properties of basic space Z, thus the image space of the examined functions is not a compact metric space

Deep Learning Methods for Efficient Image Coding

Video data makes up 58% of all internet traffic and is growing as self-driving car cameras, 4K televisions, and video surveillance systems continue to come online. Traditional heuristics based image and video codecs such as JPEG and HEVC have been successful thus far, however, these approaches lack the ability to leverage big data to gain massive insights. Six deep learning based approaches are proposed to tackle efficient image/video compression and image compression for machine classification

INTEGRAL TRANSFORMS TO GET THE ROAD PROFILE EXCITATION SPECTRAL MATRIX FOR VARIABLE VEHICLE SPEEDS IN CASE OF TWO-INPUT SYSTEMS

Operation at variable speed, in many cases with a certain periodicity, is a characteristic feature of urban traffic. A method is presented for the mathematical derivation of distorted road profile spectra in the case of varying travel speeds. The resulting spectrum is proposed for the dynamic design of vehicles, it is calculated by an integral transformation

Alison Wray, Formulaic Language: Pushing the Boundaries

Steven Pinker est souvent cité pour son affirmation selon laquelle pratiquement chaque phrase exprimée ou comprise est une toute nouvelle combinaison de mots qui apparaît pour la première fois dans l'histoire de l'univers (1994 : 22). Cette idée, comme celle de la théorie linguistique générative de Chomsky, est remise en question par une autre théorie, celle des séquences préfabriquées. Dans son ouvrage publié en 2002, Formulaic Language and the Lexicon, Alison Wray a présenté cette théorie e..

eZoomBook Methodology and Template: A Case Study of Collective Authorship in the Classroom

This article reports on an innovative pedagogical methodology carried out in an executive education class. Participants were encouraged to link their classroom training and their professional activity using a methodology of collaborative note-taking and journal writing. The tool used for this activity was an eZoomBook, a multi-level tool incorporating different layers of content accessible by tabs in a menu. eZoomBooks include a zooming in and out function allowing readers to navigate between the different layers depending on interest and need. Participant testimony indicates that this student-centric approach to collaborative writing using the eZB methodology enhanced intrinsic motivation, teamwork skills, and learning. The executive education participants clearly indicated their satisfaction and their desire to continue using the methodology and tool in the workplace

Multi-electrode Array Recordings of Neuronal Avalanches in Organotypic Cultures

The cortex is spontaneously active, even in the absence of any particular input or motor output. During development, this activity is important for the migration and differentiation of cortex cell types and the formation of neuronal connections1. In the mature animal, ongoing activity reflects the past and the present state of an animal into which sensory stimuli are seamlessly integrated to compute future actions. Thus, a clear understanding of the organization of ongoing i.e. spontaneous activity is a prerequisite to understand cortex function

Genetic interactions reveal the evolutionary trajectories of duplicate genes

Duplicate genes show significantly fewer interactions than singleton genes, and functionally similar duplicates can exhibit dissimilar profiles because common interactions are ‘hidden' due to buffering.Genetic interaction profiles provide insights into evolutionary mechanisms of duplicate retention by distinguishing duplicates under dosage selection from those retained because of some divergence in function.The genetic interactions of duplicate genes evolve in an extremely asymmetric way and the directionality of this asymmetry correlates well with other evolutionary properties of duplicate genes.Genetic interaction profiles can be used to elucidate the divergent function of specific duplicate pairs

Bringing order to protein disorder through comparative genomics and genetic interactions

Abstract Background Intrinsically disordered regions are widespread, especially in proteomes of higher eukaryotes. Recently, protein disorder has been associated with a wide variety of cellular processes and has been implicated in several human diseases. Despite its apparent functional importance, the sheer range of different roles played by protein disorder often makes its exact contribution difficult to interpret. Results We attempt to better understand the different roles of disorder using a novel analysis that leverages both comparative genomics and genetic interactions. Strikingly, we find that disorder can be partitioned into three biologically distinct phenomena: regions where disorder is conserved but with quickly evolving amino acid sequences (flexible disorder); regions of conserved disorder with also highly conserved amino acid sequences (constrained disorder); and, lastly, non-conserved disorder. Flexible disorder bears many of the characteristics commonly attributed to disorder and is associated with signaling pathways and multi-functionality. Conversely, constrained disorder has markedly different functional attributes and is involved in RNA binding and protein chaperones. Finally, non-conserved disorder lacks clear functional hallmarks based on our analysis. Conclusions Our new perspective on protein disorder clarifies a variety of previous results by putting them into a systematic framework. Moreover, the clear and distinct functional association of flexible and constrained disorder will allow for new approaches and more specific algorithms for disorder detection in a functional context. Finally, in flexible disordered regions, we demonstrate clear evolutionary selection of protein disorder with little selection on primary structure, which has important implications for sequence-based studies of protein structure and evolution