Relational Aggression, Social Aggression, and Antisocial Personality Features: An Investigation of Bullying Behavior in a Sample of Juvenile Offenders

Bullying is a destructive subtype of aggression that can take direct and indirect forms. This study investigated relationships between two indirect forms of bullying (relational aggression and social aggression), the aggressor\u27s level of interpersonal maturity, and antisocial personality features (narcissism and callous-unemotional traits). Participants included 58 male and 21 female offenders between the ages of 13 and 18 from an urban school serving youth who were adjudicated through the juvenile justice system. Data were obtained from a de-identified data set that contained responses to questions from three self-report rating scales: the Young Adult Social Behavior Scale (YASB), the Antisocial Process Screening Device (APSD), and the Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits (ICU). Multiple regression analyses indicated that narcissism uniquely and significantly predicted both relational aggression and social aggression, while callous-unemotional traits uniquely and significantly predicted low levels of interpersonal maturity. Correlation analyses indicated that there were no statistically significant differences between males and females in the combined presence of narcissism and relational aggression, social aggression, and interpersonal maturity, nor in the combined presence of callous-unemotional traits and relational aggression, social aggression, and interpersonal maturity. Results provide evidence that narcissism is associated with indirect forms of aggression, while callous-unemotional traits are associated with less ability or willingness to resolve interpersonal conflict, respect others\u27 points of view, and maintain a confidence. Moreover, the lack of significant gender differences in this study parallels other research that suggests that adjudicated female youth may experience a greater degree of maladjustment overall than adjudicated male youth, thereby minimizing gender differences in the expression of aggression that have typically been found in studies utilizing community samples

Aesthetes, English professors, and socialists : the British reception of Matthew Arnold (1888-1948)

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:D90316 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Échantillon d’instruments de mesure de la qualité de vie et de théories pour évaluer des services de psychiatrie

Un échantillon d'instruments de mesure de la qualité de vie est passé en revue pour les lecteurs qui veulent en déterminer la pertinence dans l'évaluation de services de psychiatrie. Tous les instruments sont explorés selon la manière d'y traiter amis et membres de la famille. Les instruments sont aussi évalués suivant leur position sur trois questions théoriques: l'utilisation des indicateurs objectifs et subjectifs de la qualité de vie; l'inclusion des états positifs de bien-être dans l'instrument de mesure; et le point de vue de l'instrument mesurant la qualité de vie. Chacune de ces questions est présentée. Position des auteurs: les indicateurs objectifs et subjectifs se complètent; il y a de grands avantages à mesurer les états positifs de bien-être tout comme les états négatifs; tous les points de vue sont valables, et il y a un risque à accepter un point de vue particulier, surtout d'une autre personne, comme standard de définition.A sampler of quality of life measures are reviewed so readers can assess their suitability for use in evaluations of psychiatric services. All measures are explored by examination of how they treat friends and family. Measures are also evaluated with regard to their stance on three theoretical issues: the use of objective and/or subjective indicators of QL status; inclusion of positive states of well-being within the scope of the measure; the viewpoint of the QL measure. Each of these issues are discussed within the body of the article. The authors' positions on these issues are that objective and subjective indicators compliment each other, that they are strong merits to measuring positive states of well being as well as negative; that all viewpoints have validity and there is risk accepting any viewpoints, but particularly the viewpoint of another, as a defining standard

Effect of Ebola virus proteins GP, NP and VP35 on VP40 VLP morphology

Recently we described a role for Ebola virus proteins, NP, GP, and VP35 in enhancement of VP40 VLP budding. To explore the possibility that VLP structure was altered by co-expression of EBOV proteins leading to the observed enhancement of VP40 VLP budding, we performed density gradient analysis as well as electron microscopy studies. Our data suggest that VP40 is the major determinant of VLP morphology, as co-expression of NP, GP and VP35 did not significantly change VLP density, length, and diameter. Ultra-structural changes were noted in the core of the VLPs when NP was co-expressed with VP40. Overall, these findings indicate that major changes in morphology of VP40 VLPs were likely not responsible for enhanced budding of VP40 VLPs in the presence of GP, NP and/or VP35

Human Infections with Plasmodium knowlesi, the Philippines.

Five human cases of infection with the simian malaria parasite Plasmodium knowlesi from Palawan, the Philippines, were confirmed by nested PCR. This study suggests that this zoonotic infection is found across a relatively wide area in Palawan and documents autochthonous cases in the country

Who Are the Homeless? Numbers, Trends and Characteristics of Those Without Homes in Calgary

In 2008, Calgary was the first city in Canada to institute a 10-year plan to end homelessness. The plan was introduced in part due to the steady and rapid growth in homelessness in the city since 1992. Since 2008 growth in the number of homeless people has stopped despite a rapidly growing city. The number of people enumerated as homeless by point-in-time counts has fallen from 304 persons per 100,000 population to 256 persons per 100,000 population in 2014, a drop of more than 15 per cent. Looking beyond simple counts of the number of homeless people, we examine how people who are homeless use emergency shelters. Tracking shelter use over a five year period by nearly 33,000 individuals, we find that, contrary to what might be thought to be true, the great majority (86%) of people who use emergency shelters in Calgary do so very infrequently and for only short periods of time. Visiting shelters less than twice (on average), these “transitional” users stayed in shelters for an average of only 15 days spread during the five years of our study. Another 12% of people used emergency shelters more frequently; an average of 8 times spread over five years. These “episodic” users stayed for a total of 113 days on average. Only a tiny minority, just 1.6% of all shelter users, stayed in shelters for very long periods. These “chronic” users visited shelters an average of three and a half times and stayed a total of 928 days over the five years of our study. Because they stay in shelters for long periods, chronic shelter users occupy one-third of shelter beds. The implication of this is that finding stable, supportive housing for just 1.6% of those experiencing homeless – a total of about 900 individuals in Calgary -- would free-up one-third of beds in emergency shelters. Providing supportive housing for episodic users as well would free-up another one-third of beds and so enable shelter providers to focus on their main function as providers of emergency housing. Moving people from emergency shelters into supportive housing delivers savings in the form of reduced interactions for these people with the criminal justice and healthcare systems; savings that have been shown in other studies to significantly off-set the cost of supportive housing. Planning to end homelessness has always been an ambitious goal. While the homeless serving community has made significant gains in understanding how best to solve the problem, greater effort may be required of local, provincial and federal policy makers to find ways of resolving the issue that is at the heart of Calgary’s homelessness problem; namely, the lack of affordable rental accommodations

Exploiting a transmission grating spectrometer

The availability of compact transmission grating spectrometers now allows an attractive and economical alternative to the more familiar Czerny-Turner configuration for many high-temperature plasma applications. Higher throughput is obtained with short focal length refractive optics and stigmatic imaging. Many more spectra can be obtained with a single spectrometer since smaller, more densely packed optical input fibers can be used. Multiple input slits, along with a bandpass filter, can be used to maximize the number of spectra per detector, providing further economy. Curved slits can correct for the strong image curvature of the short focal length optics. Presented here are the governing grating equations for both standard and high-dispersion transmission gratings, defining dispersion, image curvature, and desired slit curvature, that can be used in the design of improved plasma diagnostics