2,686 research outputs found
Against the Defendant : Plea Rule\u27s Purpose v. Plain Meaning
Rarely is there a proverbial “smoking gun” in criminal prosecutions. Instead, prosecutors and defense attorneys must tell juries competing stories—largely from circumstantial evidence—and allow jurors to determine what happened based on inferences gleaned from argument and testimony. Naturally, this creates substantial uncertainty for both prosecutors and defendants. Instead of rolling the dice at trial, the vast majority of criminal matters are resolved through plea bargaining. Plea bargaining provides both sides with a certainty otherwise unobtainable through a traditional trial. The prosecution guarantees itself a conviction, and the defendant will often receive a lighter sentence than if he or she had gone to trial. The judiciary also benefits in the form of a lighter docket
Regarding “Should percutaneous transluminal angioplasty be recommended for treatment of infrageniculate popliteal artery or tibioperoneal trunk stenosis?”
Interconversion of Nonlocal Correlations
In this paper we study the correlations that arise when two separated parties
perform measurements on systems they hold locally. We restrict ourselves to
those correlations with which arbitrarily fast transmission of information is
impossible. These correlations are called nonsignaling. We allow the
measurements to be chosen from sets of an arbitrary size, but promise that each
measurement has only two possible outcomes. We find the structure of this
convex set of nonsignaling correlations by characterizing its extreme points.
Taking an information-theoretic view, we prove that all of these extreme
correlations are interconvertible. This suggests that the simplest extremal
nonlocal distribution (called a PR box) might be the basic unit of nonlocality.
We also show that this unit of nonlocality is sufficient to simulate all
quantum states when measured with two outcome measurements.Comment: 7 pages + appendix, single colum
3-D visualisation, printing, and volume determination of the tracheal respiratory system in the adult desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria
Securing the well-being and engagement of construction workers: an initial appraisal of the evidence
Construction sites pose unique challenges for employers who are seeking to develop
interventions to improve outcomes for workers. The contractors who constructed the
infrastructure for the 2012 Olympic Games were encouraged by the client
organisation to actively engage their workers and promote their well-being. This
paper examines how scholarly research has approached well-being and engagement in
the construction industry. A literature review identified a total of 21 papers that have
examined either well-being or engagement in construction and only a single paper
examined both subjects. There has been very limited research into this area. The
existing papers highlight a number of gaps which could be filled through future
research. The concept of well-being in construction is poorly defined and
predominantly focuses on stress and work-life balance. There is a lack of clarity or
certainty about whether and how some of the recommendations for improving wellbeing can be realistically implemented in construction, such as giving workers more
flexible working arrangements. It is also unclear what specific benefits construction
companies, and their clients, could expect to see from engagement or well-being
strategies. Consequently, it is currently difficult to make a convincing business case
or plan for the introduction of well-being or engagement strategies in construction.
Nonetheless, there is evidence that engagement and well-being strategies can improve
outcomes for individual construction workers and professionals, such as maintaining
or improving health or promoting safety or skills development. Many of the practices
that engage individuals also promote well-being: They do not need to be approached
as completely separate issues. The extant research suggests that construction
companies could usefully review; how they allocate and use resources on projects; the
leadership and coaching skills of site managers; how workers can influence the
planning of their work, and; their human resources procedures
Activities of organic farmers succeeding in reducing lameness in dairy cows
Sixty-seven organic producers were among 189 dairy farmers completing the “Healthy Feet Project” in the UK. This aimed to reduce lameness in dairy herds by implementing existing knowledge. Participants received input at two levels: monitoring alone, or monitoring with extra support through a single veterinary advisory visit, annual visits from a trained non-veterinary facilitator and materials and contacts to encourage change. On average lameness on organic farms reduced by 12 percentage points over the three year period. On the farms achieving the greatest reduction,the most common changes were improvements to tracks and cubicle comfort, and more frequent footbathing or foot trimming. Practices to improve foot cleanliness, such as more frequent removal of slurry, were less often adopted. Further progress might be achieved by improvements of foot hygiene. Several farms with low lameness that reduced prevalence further improved their handling facilities and treated cows more promptly
Symposium: Giving Korematsu v. United States A Sober Second Thought
We are elated to present Professor Mark Killenbeck’s thought provoking article, Sober Second Thought? Korematsu Reconsidered. Killenbeck dives into the Korematsu opinion and its history with great care to determine whether it truly “has no place in law under the Constitution” as Chief Justice John Roberts declared in Trump v. Hawaii.1 While Korematsu’s result provides an understandable “impulse to condemn” it, Killenbeck shows us that focusing solely on the case’s result “stands apart from and in stark contrast to its most important place in the constitutional order: articulation of precepts and terminology that provide the foundations for strict scrutiny.
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Time-varying price discovery in the eighteenth century: empirical evidence from the London and Amsterdam stock markets
This paper examines the time-varying nature of price discovery in eighteenth century cross-listed stocks. Specifically, we investigate how quickly news is reflected in prices for two of the great moneyed com- panies, the Bank of England and the East India Company, over the period 1723 to 1794. These British companies were cross-listed on the London and Amsterdam stock exchange and news between the capitals flowed mainly via the use of boats that transported mail. We examine in detail the historical context sur- rounding the defining events of the period, and use these as a guide to how the data should be analysed. We show that both trading venues contributed to price discovery, and although the London venue was more important for these stocks, its importance varies over time
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