5,313 research outputs found
The electrolytic refining of copper
Although copper can be separated from its solution by means of the electric current and the amount so separated varies directly as the current, there is a point in each and every solution where on account of the energy given off to the ions, the copper will be carried over in a more or less impure state, depending upon the strength of the current, the strength of the solution,whether it is saturated or only partly saturated, or whether normal basic or acid and also upon the amount of impurities in the solution. It is the purpose of this thesis (1) With a neutral solution of CuSOâ‚„, varying in strength from a one-fourth saturated to a saturated solution, to find the strength of current at which the oxide of copper will be deposited on the cathodes. (2) With solution of same strength but varying the amount of Hâ‚‚SOâ‚„ from 1 to 10 cc, to find the strength of current necessary to deposit copper oxide. (III) To find the effect of lead, arsenic, antimony, bismuth and tin on the deposited copper --Introduction, page 1
Mothers' voices: hearing and assessing the contributions of 'birth mothers' to the development of social work interventions and family support
This paper focuses on interviews with ‘birth mothers’ who experienced successive losses of their children to public care in one local area of London, England. Interviews were conducted during a project partnership between a London borough and university staff, aiming to provide a localised, pilot support initiative which responded to mothers’ viewpoints. To ‘hear’ mothers’ own voices more clearly, we analysed interview transcripts using a methodology which separates out elements of how the interviewee tells her story, how she speaks about herself and about her relationships, taking into account surrounding social complexities and researchers’ reactions to the story. To explain how professionals could subsequently draw upon these ‘mothers’ voices’ for a pilot support initiative, we identify some key messages for professionals from these interviews, including: women wanting clear and honest communication between themselves and workers, and between staff; women often feeling ‘let down’ by professional procedures and court processes that were moving too fast for them to keep up; women wanting to be treated with more respect. Women respected some professionals but not others and this seemed to relate partly to personalities. Some mothers experienced being ‘left alone’ or ‘abandoned’ to deal with the aftermath of children’s removal and/or adoption
Slowly rotating voids in cosmology
We consider a spacetime consisting of an empty void separated from an almost
Friedmann-Lema\^\i tre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) dust universe by a spherically
symmetric, slowly rotating shell which is comoving with the cosmic dust. We
treat in a unified manner all types of the FLRW universes. The metric is
expressed in terms of a constant characterizing the angular momentum of the
shell, and parametrized by the comoving radius of the shell. Treating the
rotation as a first order perturbation, we compute the dragging of inertial
frames as well as the apparent motion of distant stars within the void.
Finally, we discuss, in terms of in principle measurable quantities, 'Machian'
features of the model.Comment: 21 pages, 5 figures, REVTex, accepted for publication in
Class.Quant.Gravit
Sensitivity to thermal noise of atomic Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen entanglement
We examine the prospect of demonstrating Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) entanglement for massive particles using spin-changing collisions in a spinor Bose-Einstein condensate. Such a demonstration has recently been attempted by Gross et al. [Nature (London) 480, 219 (2011)] using a condensate of Rb-87 atoms trapped in an optical lattice potential. For the condensate initially prepared in the (F, m(F)) = (2,0) hyperfine state, with no population in the m(F) = +/- 1 states, we predict a significant suppression of the product of inferred quadrature variances below the Heisenberg uncertainty limit, implying strong EPR entanglement. However, such EPR entanglement is lost when the collisions are initiated in the presence of a small (currently undetectable) thermal population (n) over bar (th) in the m(F) = +/- 1 states. For condensates containing 150-200 atoms, we predict an upper bound of (n) over bar (th) similar or equal to 1 that can be tolerated in this experiment before EPR entanglement is lost
Limits on the quiescent radio emission from the black hole binaries GRO J1655-40 and XTE J1550-564
We present the results of radio observations of the black hole binaries GRO
J1655-40 and XTE J1550-564 in quiescence, with the upgraded Australia Telescope
Compact Array. Neither system was detected. Radio flux density upper limits (3
sigma) of 26 micro Jy (at 5.5 GHz), 47 micro Jy (at 9 GHz) for GRO J1655-40,
and 1.4 mJy (at 1.75 GHz), 27 micro Jy (at 5.5 GHz), 47 micro Jy (at 9 GHz) for
XTE J1550-564 were measured. In conjunction with quasi-simultaneous Chandra
X-ray observations (in the case of GRO J1655-40) and Faulkes Telescope optical
observations (XTE J1550-564) we find that these systems provide the first
evidence of relatively `radio quiet' black hole binaries at low luminosities;
indicating that the scatter observed in the hard state X-ray:radio correlation
at higher luminosities may also extend towards quiescent levels.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRA
Developing a low-cost beer dispensing robotic system for the service industry
As the prices of commercially available electronic and mechanical components decrease, manufacturers such as Devantech and Revolution Education have made encoded motor
controller systems and microcontrollers very accessible to engineers and designers. This has made it possible to design sophisticated robotic and mechatronic systems very rapidly and at relatively low cost.
A recent project in the Autonomous Systems Lab at Middlesex University, UK was to design and build a small, automated, robotic bartender based around the 5 litre Heineken
'Draughtkeg' system, which is capable of patrolling a bar and dispensing beer when signalled to by a customer.
Because the system was designed as a commercial product, design constraints focused on keeping the build cost down, and so electronic components were sourced from outside
companies and interfaced with a bespoke chassis and custom mechanical parts designed and manufactured on site at the University. All the programming was conducted using the
proprietary BASIC language, which is freely available from the PicAXE supplier at no cost.
This paper will discuss the restrictions involved in building a robot chassis around 'off-theshelf'
components, and the issues arising from making the human-machine interaction intuitive whilst only using low-cost ultrasonic sensors. Programming issues will also be
discussed, such as the control of accuracy when interfacing a PicAXE microcontroller with a Devantech MD25 Motor Controller board. Public live testing of the system was conducted at the Kinetica Art Fair 2010 event in London and has since been picked up by websites such as Engadget.com and many others. Feedback on the system will be described, as well as the refinements made as a result of these tests
Evaluating the effectiveness of a decision aid for prenatal testing of fetal abnormalities in improving women’s informed decisionmaking : results from a cluster randomised trial
Incidence of multiple primary cancers in a cohort of women diagnosed with breast cancer in southeast England
Among women in the Thames Cancer Registry database with a first breast cancer diagnosed between 1961–1995 observed numbers of subsequent cancers were compared with expected numbers and standardized incidence ratios were calculated. The occurrence of breast cancers subsequent to cancers at other sites was also examined. Women diagnosed with breast cancer before age 50 had significantly elevated risks for 9 cancer sites namely, oesophagus, stomach, lung, bone, connective tissue, breast, corpus uteri, ovary and myeloid leukaemia compared with 2 sites (corpus uteri and myeloid leukaemia) in women diagnosed at age 50 and above. Some of these associations are consistent with the effects of known inherited cancer susceptibility genes, shared environmental factors, or therapy. © 2001 Cancer Research Campaign http://www.bjcancer.co
Spin and Rotations in Galois Field Quantum Mechanics
We discuss the properties of Galois Field Quantum Mechanics constructed on a
vector space over the finite Galois field GF(q). In particular, we look at
2-level systems analogous to spin, and discuss how SO(3) rotations could be
embodied in such a system. We also consider two-particle `spin' correlations
and show that the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) inequality is nonetheless
not violated in this model.Comment: 21 pages, 11 pdf figures, LaTeX. Uses iopart.cls. Revised
introduction. Additional reference
Investigating the use of unmanned plant machinery on construction sites
The UK Construction Sector has been estimated to contribute 8% of the UK’s GDP [1]. The worldwide recession has forced construction companies to introduce and adopt cost saving measures to increase productivity. Several robotic building systems are in development for the Construction Sector such as the PERI’s Automatic Climbing System [2] and Brokk’s remote-controlled demolition machines [3], but there has been little implementation on live sites. Construction sites by their very nature are dynamically changing environments, so if human input was removed entirely, a robot would need a high level of awareness of the current state of the building project in order to navigate and carry out its tasks
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