Splenic artery variations in panaortographic investigations

Catedra de anatomie a omului, Universitatea de Stat de Medicină și Farmacie ”Nicolae Testemiţanu”, Chișinău, Republica MoldovaRezumat. Introducere. Nivelul înalt de dezvoltare al chirurgiei abdominale, de creştere al numărului intervenţiilor operatorii, inclusiv pe splină, necesită informaţie amplă privind morfologia vaselor lienale în contextul variabilităţii individuale. Din aceste considerente, a fost realizat un studiu de identificare a variantelor structurale și topografice individuale. Material și metode. Variantele traiectului arterei lienale, a valorilor unghiurilor de ramificare în relaţie cu vârsta și sexul, au fost studiate pe 95 de panaortograme. Rezultate. Artera lienală, în majoritatea cazurilor, are traiect ușor curbat sau sinuos accentuat. Bifurcaţia arterei lienale a fost înregistrată la 82 de pacienţi, trifurcaţia – la 10 pacienţi. În trei cazuri, artera lienală era ramificată în patru vase primare. Concluzii. Panaortografia, la fel ca și metodele macromezoscopice de confecţionare a pieselor, pune în evidenţă variabilitatea individuală a traiectului și ramificării arterei lienale la om.Abstract. Introduction. The advances in abdominal surgery increase in the number of surgical procedures, including on the spleen made it necessary to have more profound information about the morphology of splenic arteries in the context of their individual variability. Taking all this in consideration we performed a study to identify individual structural and topographical variants. Material and methods. We studied the variation in the trajectory of splenic artery, their angle of ramification depending on the age and sex in 95 panaortograms. Results. In the majority of cases the splenic artery slightly bent or accentuated sinous. The bifurcation of splenic artery was seen in 82 patients, trifurcation – in 10 patients. In three cases the splenic artery divided in four primary vessels. Conclusions. Panaortographic method, as well as macromezoscopic methods of splenic vessels cast preparation highlights individual variability of splenic artery branching pattern in humans

Fluid theory of coherent magnetic vortices in high-beta space plasmas

In-situ observations in the Earth's and Saturn's magnetosheaths and in the solar wind reveal the presence of Alfv\'en vortices as intermittent structures in the range of scales from fluid lengths down to few ion lengths. The density and the magnetic field associated with them appear to be compressible for higher plasma betas. Until now, only incompressible Alfv\'en vortices have been known. Motivated by space plasma observations we develop a new model of magnetic vortices in high-beta plasmas with anisotropic temperature, possessing compressible density and magnetic field, whose typical size ranges from fluid to ion scales. At magneto-fluid scales we find novel non-propagating field-aligned cylindrical monopoles and inclined propagating dipoles. Their transverse magnetic and velocity fluctuations are aligned, but not identical, {and they exhibit density and compressible magnetic field fluctuations $\delta n$ and $\delta B_\Vert$ localized inside the vortex core. In the presence of thermal anisotropy and acoustic effects, they may be correlated or anti-correlated $\delta n/\delta B_\Vert={\rm constant}\gtrless 0$; fluctuations whose velocity along the magnetic field is below the ion thermal speed are always correlated.} At ion or kinetic scales (with the smallest radii $\sim c/\omega_{pi}, \rho_{L i}$) {and in the absence of acoustic perturbations}, only dipolar Alfv\'en vortices survive with similar properties as those at fluid scales, except for their $\delta n/n_0$ that reaches the level of $\delta B_\Vert/B_0$. At kinetic scales we find also pressure balanced dipolar structures, possessing finite parallel electric field $E_\Vert$ and purely compressional magnetic field perturbation

Anatomia triunghiului retromolar și valoarea practică în protezele mobilizabile totale

Catedra de stomatologie ortopedică „Ilarion Postolachi”, Catedra de anatomie și anatomie clinică, USMF „Nicolae Testemiţanu”Background. The retromolar triangle (RT) and the mucous mandibular tubercle (MMT) are permanent anatomical landmarks for the removable prostheses of edentulous distal areas. Objective of the study. To study the available scientific literature and structural features of the mandibular retromolar region in cases with terminal defects or total edentation. Material and Methods. Were studied the literature data and features of the anatomy and morphology of the retromolar region on plaster models and 10 anatomical specimens with subtotal or total edentation. Results. RT is a slight depression of a triangular shape, formed by the division of the temporal ridge of the mandible into buccal and lingual internal oblique line and limited mesially by the third molar. The base of the triangle is formed by compact bone resistant to atrophy (Naumovich S. A., 2012). RT often has no clear boundaries and shape, and the transverse dimensions, on average, vary from 5-6 mm to 8-9 mm, which depends on the structure of the anterior part of the temporal ridge, but not on the degree of atrophy of the alveolar process. Conclusion. Individual variations of the retromolar triangle anatomy have place; the posterior edge of the total prosthesis must cover the entire MMT and must end at the base of the pterygomandibular fold, providing the stability and functionality of the prosthesis.Introducere. Triunghiul retromolar (TR) și tuberculul mandibular mucosal (TMM) sunt repere anatomice permanente în tratamentul ortopedic al edentației mandibulare. Scopul lucrării. Studierea datelor din literatura de specialitate și caracteristicile disponibile ale structurii regiunii retromolare la edentații parțiale terminale, și edentații totale ale maxilarului inferior. Material și Metode. Au fost analizate datele din literatura de profil și caracteristicile anatomo-morfologice ale regiunii retromolare mandibulare, pe 10 preparate osoase, cu edentație totală sau subtotală. Rezultate. TR este o ușoară depresiune cu forma triunghiulară, formată prin separarea crestei temporale a mandibulei pe linia oblică bucală și linguală, limitată mezial de molarul III. Baza triunghiului e reprezentată de țesut osos compact, rezistent la atrofie (Naumovich S. A., 2012). TR de multe ori nu are limite și forme clare, iar dimensiunile transversale, în medie, variază de la 5-6 mm la 8-9 mm, ce depinde de structura părții anterioare a crestei temporale, dar nu de gradul de atrofie a procesului alveolar. Concluzii. Există varietăți individuale de anatomie a triunghiului retromolar; marginea posterioară a protezei totale trebuie să acopere complet tuberculul retromolar și să se termine la baza rafeului pterigomandibular, asigurând stabilitatea și funcționalitatea protezei

Artera splenică în regiunea hilului lienal

Department of Anatomy, Nicolae Testemitsanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy Chisinau, the Republic of MoldovaAbstract Background: To know the structural and topographic aspects of the blood vessels of the spleen is an interest, particularly at present stage when surgical interventions are practiced more and more preserving mostly the injured organs because of the abdomen’s traumatisms. Splenography is often considered to be dangerous because of the risk of hemorrhage from the tissues of the sutured spleen. This danger can be reduced by improvement of surgical technique and by cognition of collateral ways of the blood circulation. Material and methods: The types of ramification of the splenic artery at the level of lienal hilum were determined on complex of organs by tiny macroscopic dissection and corrosion. The results have been analyzed statistically depending on the age and the sex of the patients. Results: In men, the ramification of the lienal artery in the hilum with a sharp angle (22.5 ± 3.96%) as well as with an obtuse angle (12.6 ± 3.15%), came about more often in age group VIII1 . In women the greatest frequency of the lienal artery ramification was found under an obtuse angle in the IX age group (20.0 ± 4.47%), but with a sharp angle the X age group (17.5 ± 4.25%). The results achieved in men and women of different age group were of a significant difference: p < 0.01 (for the ramification of the vessel under an obtuse angle) and p < 0.05 (for the ramification of the vessel under a sharp angle). Conclusions: Both structurally and topographically, the lienal artery is highlighted by a large range of variations in the region of the hilum. Key words: lienal artery, ramification changes, a. lienalis

Morphology of the spleen and its ligamentous apparatus

Department of Anatomy, Nicolae Testemitsanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy Chisinau, the Republic of MoldovaBackground: Knowing structural aspects of spleen is of interest, especially in surgical interventions, both urgent and elective ones, particularly in modern times when surgical interventions wider take place with maximal preserving injured organs, including in isolated or concomitant abdominal trauma. Material and methods: Spleen capsule histoarchitectonics was studied by histotopograms with hematoxylin and eosin, van Gieson’s, Weigert’s resorcinol and fuchsine staining. The following parameters were studied depending on age and gender by morphometric method: spleen form, linear dimensions of spleen and its ligaments. Descriptive statistics allowed presenting results in tables. Results: In teenagers (age Group VII), the most frequent form of the spleen is the intermediate one, while in adults (Groups VIII1 and VIII2) and people of the senile age – the prolate form. Difference in spleen length is statistically significant in age Groups VII and VIII1 – 121.5±3.12 mm and 125.1±3.08 mm respectively in men; 94.7±2.09 mm and 85.8±2.11 mm – in women (p<0.001). Difference in the spleen width depending on gender is statistically significant for Group VII – 77.2±2.11 mm in men and 61.6±2.25 mm in women; in age Group VIII1 – 78.1±2.07 mm in men and 59.2±2.16 mm in women. For the examined age group the mean height of the gastrolienal ligament is 51.8±0.81 mm for men, and 45.9±1.00 mm for women. Conclusions: The capsule of spleen is formed by collagen fiber fascicles, elastic fibers as well as relatively few myocytes. The height of the gastrolienal ligament is bigger in men than in women. Spleen dimensions decrease with aging

Anatomical relations between left and right diaphragmatic nerves with celiac plexus ganglions

Catedra Anatomia omului USMF “Nicolae Testemiţanu”Anatomical relations between left and right diaphragmatic nerves with celiac plexus ganglions Diaphragmatic nerve is a main source of celiac plexus´s formation. During its path the nerves receive communication branches from bronchial plexus, per vascular plexus of internal thoracic artery and cervical sympathetic nodes. Abdominal branch of diaphragmatic nerve is larger in the right side and is connected directly with the celiac plexus. The branch of the left diaphragmatic nerve reaches celiac plexus in the inferior diaphragmatic plexus. Nervii frenici reprezintă una din sursele de formare ale plexului celiac. Pe traiectul său aceştia primesc ramuri comunicante de la plexul brahial, plexul perivascular al arterelor toracice interne şi de la ganglionii cervicali ai lanţului simpatic. Una din ramurile frenicoabdominale ale nervului frenic, mai dezvoltată din partea dreaptă, sfârşeşte direct în ganglionul celiac homolateral. Din stânga această ramură contribuie la formarea plexului celiac prin intermediul celui diafragmal inferior

The phenomenon of the accessory spleen

Catedra Anatomia OmuluiIt has been established by means of macroscopic and statistical methods that an accessory spleen is most commonly detected near the lineal hilus of the basic organ, it is supplied by the branches of the lineal artery and innervated by the nerve trunks of the lineal and pancreatic plexuses. Prin metode macroscopice şi statistice s-a determinat că splina accesorie este localizată mai frecvent în regiunea hilului lienal, se vascularizează prin ramurile arterei lienale şi este inervată de către nervii plexurilor lienal şi pancreatic

Варианты строения и топографии селезеночной вены

Catedra Anatomia Omului, USMF Nicolae TestemiţanuSummary. By macroscopic method it has been established that the drainage of the venous blood from the spleen is done by the lienal vein. In the most of the cases the lineal vein forms by connection of the 1st order veins at the level of the lienal hilum (49 cases). In few cases the trunk of the vein was formed at a distance of about 4-5 cm from the lienal hilum (10 cases). In 91 cases the trunk of the lienal vein was formed by the two 1st order veins superior and inferior one, more rare (six cases); the vein is formed by junction of three tributaries.Резюме. Макроскопическим методом установлено, что отток венозной крови от селезенки осуществляется селезеночной веной. Чаще она образуется соединением вен первого порядка в пределах ворот селезенки – 49 случаев. Реже образование ствола селезеночной вены было обнаружено на расстоянии 4-5 см от ворот (10 случаев). В 91 случае ствол селезеночной вены был образован двумя венами первого порядка и только в 6 случаях – тремя венозными стволами

Anatomy and morphology of the retromolar triangle and its practical significance in removable prosthetics

Department of prosthetic dentistry „Ilarion Postolaki”, Department of anatomy and clinical anatomyIntroduction. According to Lugansky V. A. (2006) 76% of patients complain of poor fixation of removable dentures. Removable prosthetics on the mandible is complicated because of anatomical and functional features of the bone and soft tissues. The retromolar triangle and the mucous mandibular tubercle are permanent anatomical landmarks for the removable prostheses of edentulous distal areas. Purpose. To study the available scientific literature and structural features of the mandibular retromolar region in cases with terminal defects. Material and methods. Were studied the literature data and features of the anatomy and morphology of the retromolar region on plaster models and 10 anatomical specimens with partially edentulous, subtotally or totally edentulous mandibles. Results. Retromolar triangle is a slight depression of a triangular shape, formed by the division of the temporal ridge of the mandible into buccal and lingual internal oblique line and limited mesially by the third molar. The base of the triangle is formed by compact bone resistant to atrophy (Naumovich S. A., 2012). Here lies mucous mandibular tubercle, formed by soft tissue containing glands. It is limited by the pterygomandibular fold and the buccal muscle. The tendon of the temporal muscle and the fibers of the superior constrictor of the pharynx, which lies deeper than the temporal muscle, are interwoven into the lingual part of the tubercle (Kalinina N. V., 1972; Iordanishvili A. K., 2015). The study showed that retromolar triangle often has no clear boundaries and shape, and its transverse dimensions vary from 5-6 mm to 8-9 mm on average, which depends on the structure of the anterior part of the temporal ridge, but not on the degree of atrophy of the alveolar process. Bârsa Gh., Postolachi I. (1994) mention that depending on the prosthetic value of the retromolar (piriform) tubers the edges of the total removable prosthesis must cover them entirely or only 1/3 of their anterior surface and can be extended posteriorly to the insertion point of the pterygomandibular ligament, otherwise during function the prosthesis will detach from the prosthetic field. Conclusions There are individual varieties of the retromolar triangle anatomy, as well as of the mucosal mandibular tubercle. The posterior margins of the total prosthesis must cover the base of the pterygomandibular fold entirely or only 1/3 of its anterior surface, providing the stability and functionality of the prosthesis